定语从句的用法撰稿：郭素清 责编：白雪雁【真题再现】1. — What do you think of the school uniforms?” — Very good. I like clothes ______ make me feel comfortable.” 【2012 贵州贵阳】 A. that B. what C. who2. There will be a flower show in the park _______ we visited last week. 【2012 广东】A. who B. when C. what D. which3. — Now many people smoke and get ill. 【2012 广西玉林】—So we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.A. what B. who C. / D. that4. I still remember the time _______ we spent together at XiSai mountain last year. 【2012湖北黄石】A. when B. what C. who D. which5. One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice. 【2012 湖北十堰】A. which B. that C. whose D. whom6. — There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? 【2012 湖北随州】 — The one ______hat is yellow. A. who B. whose C. that D. which7. We all like the story about the teacher _______ happened in our school last week. 【2012 湖北咸宁】A. which B. who C. whom D. what8. The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. 【2012 江苏南京】A. whose B. when C. who D. that【答案与解析】1. A。考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词 clothes 是“物”，所以定语从句的引导词用which 或 that。根据句意“你觉得校服怎么样呀？很好，我喜欢穿舒服的衣服”。2. D。考查定语从句引导词的用法。由于先行词是物，所以引导词用 which 或 that，而且引导词在定语从句中作宾语。 3.D。定语从句的先行词是不定代词 something，所以定语从句的引导词用 that。4. D。由于定语从句中的先行词是 time，且引导词在从句中作宾语，所以定语从句的引导词用 that 或 which，故选 D。5. B。由于定语从句的先行词 drinks 被形容词最高级修饰，所以引导词只能用 that，而不用 which。6. B。考查定语从句的引导词，根据句意可知引导词在定语从句中作定语，修饰 hat，只能选 whose。7. A。本题需要准确找出定语从句的先行词 the story，是指物而不是指人，所以定语从句的引导词用which 而不用 who。8.D。考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是物，且引导词在定语从句中作宾语，所以用 that。【用法讲解】考试要求： 定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准确理解句子的意思相当重要。1. 定语从句的功用和结构　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：　　This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他为我生日送的礼物。　　Do you know everybody who came to the party? 你认识来宴会的每一位吗？　　This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。2. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法　（1） who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：　　　 The person who broke the window must pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。　　　 The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。　（2） whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：　　　 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？　　　 Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.你要见的李先生已经来了。　（3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：　　　 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。　　　 I know the boy whose father is a professor.我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。　（4）which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：　　　 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。　　　 Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.这是老师昨天提到的那本书。　（5） that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：　　　 I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。　　　 Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?正在那儿读报纸的人是谁？　（6）when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：　　　 I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。　　　 He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.就在我离开那天他到得北京。　（7）where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：　　　 This is the house where we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的那个房子。　　　 The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。3. 关系代词和关系副词的功用　　关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。（1） 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。例如：　　I don’t like people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。（2） 作宾语： 例如：　　She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。　　The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.奶奶给我的那本书叫《大逃亡》。（3） 作定语：关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如：　　What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字？　　The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。（4） 作状语　　I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。　　This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的那个房子。4. 具体使用时注意下列问题：　只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况：　(1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。　(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very 等词修饰，关系代词常用 that,不用 which。　　例如：This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。　　例如：It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。　(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。　　例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.这是我今年读过的最好的书。　(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。　　例如：He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.他谈论他记起得的人和事。　　只能用 which，不能用 that 的情况：　　(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。例如：　　　　I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted.我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。　　(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：　　　　The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。　　(3) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与 and this 相似。例如：　 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。