西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别： 网教 专业： 英语 课程名称【编号】： 语言学导论【0181】 A 卷大作业 满分：100 分 . For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer toⅠthe question, or would best complete the sentence. Write the corresponding letter onyour ANSWER SHEET. (20%)1. “take” and “table” can be called ___ B __ because they can stand as a word by themselves.A. inflectional morphemes B. free morphemes C. stems D. roots2. If two sounds are of no distinctive value, but are varieties of the same phoneme, they are called __ C _.A. phones B. speech sounds C. allophones D. morphs3. Traditional grammar is ___ B ___.A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. non-Latin-based D. wrong4. The semantic components of the word “girl” can be expressed as __D___.A. +human, +male, +adult B. +human, -male, +adultC. +human, -male, -adult D. +human, +male, -adult5. ___A___ is a type of phonological process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristicsof a neighboring sound.A. Assimilation B. Transformation C. Code-switching D. Interference6. Which of the following sounds is a voiced bilabial stop? ___D___.A. [m] B. [v] C. [d] D. [b]7. The syllabic structure of the word “linguistics” is ___B__.A. CVCCVCCVCC B. CVCCCVCCVCCC. CVCCVVCCVCC D. CVCVVCCVCC8. ___A___ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. Langue B. Performance C. Competence D. Parole9. The words such as “brunch”, “motel” are __A___.A. formed by blending B. acronymsC. coined by back formation D. clipped words10. Many Chinese English learners may, at the beginning stage, produce “mans” and “photoes” as theplural forms of “man” and “photo”. This is most likely the result of ____B___ in the process offoreign language learning.A. Negative transfer B. OvergeneralizationC. Positive transfer D. mother tongue interference. Decide whether each of the following statements is Ⅱ True or False. (20%)11. Displacement refers to the phenomenon that human language can be used to talk about things that are absent in time and space. True12. Phonology deals with the defining properties of human language which make it different from animal communication. False13. Cooperative principles are the restrictions on the type of noun that can be selected with each verb True14. A register is a variety of a language which is selected as appropriate to a certain type of situation. True15. Complementary distribution refers to the phenomena that allophones occur in different phonetic environments. True16. Bilingualism is a sociolinguistic situation where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. True17. Homonymy is the case where two, or more meanings, are associated with the same linguistic form. True18. Norm Chomsky is the father of Transformational-Generative Grammar. True19. An endocentric construction has no head, or no center. False20. Learner errors can be found at any stage of interlanguage and provide evidence of the learning process. True. Reading comprehension. Read the following passage and answer each of the questionsⅢbased on it. Choose the correct answer write the corresponding letter on the ANSWERSHEET. (20%)Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that thegestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon aperson from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling thefinger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II andmarked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German.Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length awayfrom others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americansuncomfortable.- 1 - Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developedtastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in theworld.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are noinformation signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guidedtours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen arerare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficultyunderstanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudesand information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Ourbusiness dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realizethat our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans wantthis country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisionsof the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.21. It can be inferred from this article that Americans being approached too closely by MiddleEasterners would most probably ____D___.A. stand stillB. jump asideC. step forwardD. draw back22. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ___A___.A. cultural self-centerednessB. casual mannersC. indifference towards foreign visitorsD. arrogance towards other cultures23. In countries other than their own most Americans ____B__.A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants24. According to the author, Americans’ cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ____C___.A. affect their image in the new eraB. cut themselves off from the outside worldC. limit their role in world affairsD. weaken the position of the US dollar25. The author’s intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ____D___.A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC. it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD. it is time to get acquainted with other culturesⅣ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write your answer on theANSWER SHEET. (40%)26. Why is it necessary to teach cultural knowledge in foreign language classes? (20%)It is widely accented that culture and language are closely related and it is impossible to ignore culturewhen learning. Culture influences languag e deeply and widely. One culture shapes one language and it formsthe characteristics of the language. So it is necessary to learn English through culture. At the same time,language reflects culture and it is the carries cultural information when it expresses its literal meaning, sostudents should learn English through culture. How to learn English through culture? They should begin withthree aspects, which are the words, idioms and customs. They have a c lose relationship with culture. Theassociative meaning of words, which constitutes of connotative meaning, stylistic meaning and affectivemeaning, ties to culture deeply and will hinder student s’ language ability if it is not be taught. Teaching idiomsis another way to learn English through culture for many idioms have culture backgrounds. Customs cannot beignored if students want to learn English well, for customs directly come from culture and presented thoughtlanguage. Learning English through culture is really important and essentia l. It is an efficient skill and willplay a significant role in English learning. 27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sureyour answer is clear and logical. You may answer the question in Chinese, but this may result in a loss ofmarks.)Why do we study linguistics? When we study a particular language, we just study it and actually we arelimited by this language. While linguistics can help us study languages in general. In other words, linguistics isa systematic subject for students who want to learn any kind of language better.Just as my teacher said, linguistics is not only useful but also helpful. After I learned the second language-French, I found between English and French, there had something in common. However, language learning isstill more difficult than we get our mother tongue. It must because speech is earlier than writing, for examplelittle children hear sound or human voice first, then they learn written language because words are just- 2 - symbols. There are things, and then there are the names of things. Just as Shakespeare said a rose by any othername would sell as sweet. If we want to have a good command of other language, we should not only focus onone or two point such as grammar or vocabulary. We should keep in mind learn a language is to learn thewhole thoughts. That’s why we should study linguistics.Students always have rare interests in language learning for they don’t find a effective way to study it.When we recite words and try to understand the complicated grammar, we may be bored and tired, that’sbecause we do not know language’s similarities and generalizations. If we study linguistics, we can have asystematic recognition. During a period of time of learning, I find that linguistics has a widely use in languagelearning. Just like we read a sentence, we should consider the logical meaning of it because we shall know aword by the company it keeps, or we will make mistakes. If we learn linguistic, we can benefit a lot inlanguage learning and find the beauty of the language.提交版答案.Ⅰ1-5 BCBDA 6-10 DBAAB. Ⅱ11-15 True False True True True16-20 True True True False True. Ⅲ21-25 DABCD.Ⅳ26. Why is it necessary to teach cultural knowledge in foreign language classes? (20%)It is widely accented that culture and language are closely related and it is impossible to ignore culturewhen learning. Culture influences languag e deeply and widely. One culture shapes one language and it formsthe characteristics of the language. So it is necessary to learn English through culture. At the same time,language reflects culture and it is the carries cultural information when it expresses its literal meaning, sostudents should learn English through culture. How to learn English through culture? They should begin withthree aspects, which are the words, idioms and customs. They have a c lose relationship with culture. Theassociative meaning of words, which constitutes of connotative meaning, stylistic meaning and affectivemeaning, ties to culture deeply and will hinder student s’ language ability if it is not be taught. Teaching idiomsis another way to learn English through culture for many idioms have culture backgrounds. Customs cannot beignored if students want to learn English well, for customs directly come from culture and presented thoughtlanguage. Learning English through culture is really important and essentia l. It is an efficient skill and willplay a significant role in English learning. 27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sureyour answer is clear and logical. You may answer the question in Chinese, but this may result in a loss ofmarks.)Why do we study linguistics? When we study a particular language, we just study it and actually we arelimited by this language. While linguistics can help us study languages in general. In other words, linguistics isa systematic subject for students who want to learn any kind of language better.Just as my teacher said, linguistics is not only useful but also helpful. After I learned the second language-French, I found between English and French, there had something in common. However, language learning isstill more difficult than we get our mother tongue. It must because speech is earlier than writing, for examplelittle children hear sound or human voice first, then they learn written language because words are justsymbols. There are things, and then there are the names of things. Just as Shakespeare said a rose by any othername would sell as sweet. If we want to have a good command of other language, we should not only focus onone or two point such as grammar or vocabulary. We should keep in mind learn a language is to learn thewhole thoughts. That’s why we should study linguistics.Students always have rare interests in language learning for they don’t find a effective way to study it.When we recite words and try to understand the complicated grammar, we may be bored and tired, that’sbecause we do not know language’s similarities and generalizations. If we study linguistics, we can have asystematic recognition. During a period of time of learning, I find that linguistics has a widely use in languagelearning. Just like we read a sentence, we should consider the logical meaning of it because we shall know aword by the company it keeps, or we will make mistakes. If we learn linguistic, we can benefit a lot inlanguage learning and find the beauty of the language.- 3 -