非谓语动词(基础讲解)
发布时间:2024-06-16 12:06:02浏览次数:23非谓语动词【真题再现】1. It took Janet three hours _______ reading this interesting story. 【2012 贵州贵阳】A. to finish B. finished C. finishing2.When I went into the room,I found _____ in bed.【2012 贵州安顺】A.him lying B.he lying C.he lies D.him was lying3. Drivers shouldn't be allowed _______ after drinking, or they will break the law. 【2012 湖北咸宁】A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to be driven4. ________ English well, one must have a lot of practice. 【2012 山东聊城】A. Speaks B. To speak C. spoken D. speak5. —I’m leaving now. 【2012 山东泰安】—______you turn off the lights and the computer.A. To make sure B. Make sure C. Made sure D. Making sure6. Mary used to _________ to work, but she is used to ________to work now. 【2012 黔西南】A. riding a bike, taking a bus B. riding a bike, take a busC. ride a bike, taking a bus D. ride a bike, take a bus7. When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl ______in it. 【2012 黔东南】 A. sing B. losing C. sang D. singing8. Let’s _______ for a walk, shall we? 【2012 北京】 A. to go B. going C. go D. gone 【答案与解析】1. A。It takes sb. some time to do sth. 这是个固定句型,花费某人多少时间做某事。根据句意:读完这个有趣的故事花费了珍妮特三个小时的时间。2. A。句意为“当我进屋时,发现他正躺在床上”。find sb doing sth 意为“发现某人正在做某事”。这里是现在分词作了宾语补足语。3.C。 allow sb to do sth 意为“允许某人做某事”。本题是考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。4. B。句意为“为了学好英语,一个人必须进行多多练习”。to speak 相当于 in order to speak的省略,作目的状语。5.B。祈使句的谓语动词要用动词原形,所以选 B。句意为“确信要关灯和计算机”。6. C。考查短语的辨析。used to 后接动词原形,意为“过去常常做某事”;be/get used to 后接动名词形式,意为“习惯于做某事”。7. D。句意为“我通过教室时,听见一个女孩正在教室唱歌”。hear sb doing sth 意为“听到某人正在做某事”。8. C。考查句式 let sb do sth,意为“让某人做某事”。这里是省掉 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。【用法讲解】考试要求:非谓语动词中考考查的重点有:1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法;2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语的用法;3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用;4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带 to,但变为被动语态时就要带 to;5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing 形式作宾语,但是表达的意思不同。1. 动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成: 不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用 to,这里的 to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是 not+(to+)动词原形。(2)动词不定式的句法功能:
功能例句 说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式,常常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语。宾语—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano allthe time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make,let,see,hear,watch 等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略 to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1)不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:It + be +adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. 学好英语很有用。 It’s important for us to protect the environment.保护环境对我们来说很重要。 注意:在 kind,good,nice,clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用 for 而用 of。如: It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect 等。如:Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在 find,think 后跟不定式作宾语时,常用 it 代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。如:I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。 ③常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式 why not do...,why don’t you do...,had better(not) do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please(not) do... 如:I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略 to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变被动语态时,必须加上 to。 如:My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 ②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如:There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 5)不定式常和疑问词 what,which,when,where,how 连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如:The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn’t know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go)2. 动名词(1)动名词构成:一般由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。(2)动名词的句法功能:功能 例句 说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used for sendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意:英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,have fun,have trouble/problem(in),spend...(in),feel like,beused to(习惯于),give up,keep on,consider,suggest,can’t help 可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词:
完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like) 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)3. 分词(1) 分词的构成:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。(2)分词的句法功能:功能例句 说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的笔试练习。现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看,我们学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。表语The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了,以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。He’ll have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。