西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别： 网教 专业：英语 课程名称【编号】：语言学导论【0181】 A 卷大作业 满分：100 分. For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer toⅠthe question, or would best complete the sentence. Write the corresponding letter onyour ANSWER SHEET. (20%)1. _____C__ is that part of the meaning of word or phrase that relates it to phenomena inthe real world or in a fictional or possible world.A. Connotation B. Affective meaning C. Denotation D. Sense2. ___B____ refers to the use of a native language pattern or rule which leads to an error orinappropriate form in the target language.A. Interlanguage B. Positive transfer C. Negative transfer D. Overgeneralization3. “friendly” is a(n) ____C___.A. compound B. inflectional word C. derivative D. morpheme4. Conjunctions, preposition, pronouns and articles can be classified as ____.A. lexical words B. grammatical wordsC. pro-forms D. content words5. ___C___ refers to the fact that language can be used to talk about things remote either inspace or in time.A. Displacement B. Creativity C. Interchangeability D. Duality6. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is mainly ___C____.A. directive B. informative C. phatic D. interrogative7. There are ____C__ morphemes in the word “children’s”.A. seven B. two C. three D. nine8. _D_____ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech soundsand provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.A. Phonology B. Phonetic alphabet C. Corpus linguistics D. Phonetics9. In testing, ___D____ refers to the degree to which a test gives consistent results when it isgiven on different occasions or when it is used to test different people.A. practicality B. reliability C. validity D. objectivity10. Teaching culture in our language classes can __D_____.A. get the students familiar with cultural differencesB. help the students transcend their own culture and see things as the members of the targetculture willC. emphasize the inseparability of understanding language and understanding culturethrough various classroom practicesD. All of the above.. Decide whether each of the following statements is Ⅱ True or False. (20%)11. Arbitrariness refers to the absence of logical connection between the form of a linguistic sign and what it relates to in reality.（False）12. Backformation is a process in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes in the target language. （False）13. Immediate constituent is the smaller grammatical unit into which a larger grammatical construction is divided into through binary segmentation.（True）14. Categorization is the mental process of classification. （True）15. Bilingualism refers to the relationship between two sentences where the truth of one is inferred from the truth of the other. （True）16. Registers are varieties of language that are related to use. （False）17. Entailment refers to the situation where at least two languages are used side by side by an individual or by a group of speakers, with each having a different role to play. （False）18. Semantic field is a set of words with an identifiable semantic connection. （True）19. The syntagmatic relation is the horizontal relationship between linguistic elements, which form linear sequences. （True）20. Fossilization is the creation of a new word by removing an affix from an existing word or by removing what is mistakenly considered an affix. （True）- 1 - . Reading comprehension. Read the following passage and answer each of the questionsⅢbased on it. Choose the correct answer write the corresponding letter on the ANSWERSHEET. (20%)It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that hedoes so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening theydo before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spokeninstructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of theeager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will alsoask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads toconsiderable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one ortwo noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But sincethese cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early formsof language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyments, and that bysix months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire ( 能发出的全部声音). This self-imitation leadson to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises asto the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.21. By “...challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para. 1) the author means that ____C____.A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenonB. no explanation has been made up to nowC. it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanationD. it’s high time that an explanation was provided22. The third paragraph is mainly about ____A____.A. the development of babies’ early forms of languageB. the difficulties of babies in learning to speakC. babies’ strong desire to communicateD. babies’ intention to communicate23. The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ___D_____.A. usually obey without asking questionsB. are passive in the process of learning to speakC. are born cooperativeD. learn to speak by listening24. From the passage we learn that __C______.A. early starters can learn to speak within only six monthsB. children show a strong desire to communicate by making noisesC. imitation plays an important role in learning to speakD. children have various difficulties in learning to speak25. The best title for this passage would be _____B___.A. A Huge Task for ChildrenB. How Babies Learn to SpeakC. Early Forms of Language D. Noise Making and Language Learning.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write your answer on theANSWER SHEET. (40%)26. Analyze the following conversation by using the theory of conversational implicature. (20%)Tom: Hi, Jerry, where is my cake?Jerry: John came and left with his dog just now. (Clue: the cooperative principle and its four maxims – the maxim of quality, the maxim of quantity, themaxim of relation and the maxim of manner)Tom: Hi, Jerry, where is my cake?Jerry: here, the fruit flavor that has just been made. Can you see it?Tom: Oh! Very good. It's beautiful.Jerry: wait a minute and I'll give you a pack. Who's the birthday today?Tom: it's my friend John.Jerry: is that right? John has just passed the road.Tom: ah? What does he do?Jerry: John came and left with his dog just now.Tom: Oh, you didn't tell him about the cake, did you?Jerry: No, no, no.Tom: Well, I'm going to give him a surprise now. ByeJerry: GoodbyeJerry: Goodbye27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make- 2 - sure your answer is clear and logical. You may answer the question in Chinese, but this may result ina loss of marks.)Language is a unique way of human communication. It reflects human's highly evolved mental ability atbiological or psychological level, and reflects the progress of human civilization at the social and culturallevel. Linguistics is to study the language ability of human's most core instincts, and understand andunderstand the essence of human beings through analyzing and studying spoken language, written languageand even sign language.In addition to the understanding of the nature of human language, linguistic research has manyapplications. In language education, it is helpful to improve learners' ability to cope with difficulties and errorsin language learning by making various dictionaries, grammar books and textbooks for people to learnlanguages. In the translation of different languages, the theory of linguistics has more specific guidance fortranslation and interpretation, and also helps to make use of science and technology to carry out MachineTranslation. - 3 -