Internet Education College BLCUFinal Test of Linguistics (D)(Feb 2008) 07/ND-D/FT Class__________ Student ID Number_________Name___________ Score____________考生须知：1． 考试时间 120 分钟2． 本试卷分试题册和答题纸。3． 所有答案均需做在答题纸上，写在试题册上无效。I.Choices (15X2)1．If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be______________.A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!D. linguistic2. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or aparticular variety of language and rules for using it.!A. socially! ! ! B. linguistically C. culturally! D. pragmatically3. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the sameform. A. Polysemy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!B. Synonymy C. Homonymy!!!!!!!! D. Hyponymy! 4. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.!!!! A. bound morpheme! ! ! B. bound form!!!!!!! C. inflectional morpheme! D. free morpheme!5． English consonants can be classified into stops. fricatives, nasals, etc. , in terms of (! ! ! ). A. manner of articulation!!!!!!!! B. openness of mouthC. place of articulation!!!!!!!!!!!! D. voicing6. The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other namewould smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.! A. the conventional nature of language! B. the creative nature of language ! C. the universality of language! D. the big difference between human language and animal communication 7. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds. !!!!! A. voiceless!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! B. voiced !!!!! C. vowel!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! D. consonantal8. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" isknown as a(n) __________.! ! A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme! ! C. inflectional morpheme D. free form9. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________. A.!noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. B.!noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C.!noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions D.!noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.10. _______ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with othermorphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.!!! A. Free!morphemes!!!!!!!!! !! B. Bound morphemes!!! C. Bound words!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! D. Words11. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguisticworld of experience. A. Reference!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! B. Concept C. Semantics!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! D. Sense! 12. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.! ! A. babbling! ! B. one-word! ! C. two-word! ! D. multiword13. __________ is advanced by Paul Grice ! A. Cooperative Principle B. Politeness Principle ! C. The General Principle of Universal Grammar D. Adjacency Principle 14. __________ is a voiced alveolar stop.!!!!!!A. /z/!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! B. /d/!!!!!C. /k/!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! D./b/! 15. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! B. DisplacementC. Duality!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! D. MeaningfulnessII. Blank Filling (10X2)1. Interlanguage! is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.2. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.3. A caretaker speech, also called motherese or 4. Babytalk is the type of modified speech typically addressed to young children.5. Speech variety refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group ofspeakers.6. A stem can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivationalaffix can be added7. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of place ofarticulation8. Language standardization is also called language planning.9. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically called predicate10. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,they are collectively known as intonation.III. True of False (20X1)1. (! ! ) Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development. F2. ( ) Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. F3. (! ! !) “The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”, and “Thelinguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the samesyntactic category. T4. ( ) English is a tone language while Chinese is not.! F5. ( ) The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can bea bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself. T6. ( ) Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages. F7. ( ) Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiencesof the same objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system. T8. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. F9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is calledmorphology. F 10. (! ! ! ) A compound is the combination of only two words. FIV. Define the following terms (5X3)1. SLA : Second language acquisition is a general term which refers to the acquisition of a secondlanguage (L2) , in contrast with first language acquisition (FLA). 2. homophones :When two words are identical in sound, they are called homophones3. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences 4. Root: A root is often seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it bears clear,definite meaning; it must be combined with another root or an affix to form a word5. pragmatics: the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successfulcommunicationV.Answer questions （2X5）1. Of the two media of language, why do you think speech is more basic than writing?1)!In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.2)!In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amountof information conveyed.3)! Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue, andwriting is learned and taught later at school.2. Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modern linguistics? He was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language is a system ofsigns. To communicate ideas, signs must be part of a system of signs, called conventions. Heheld that the sign is the union of a form and an idea, and it is the central fact of language. VI. Analyze (2X7.5)1. What are the major types of sentences? Illustrate them with the following examples.“Ann sings happily.”,“Linda is singing, and Cindy is dancing.” “ Before George gave her the lecture, Clara showed no interest in linguistics.”!!!Traditionally, there are three major types of sentences. They are simple sentence,coordinate( compound) sentence, and complex sentence. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and standsalone as its own sentence, for example: !!!!!!!!!Ann sings happily!!! A coordinate sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word that is called coordinatingconjunction, such as "and", "but", "or". For example: Linda is singing, and Cindy is dancing!!! A complex sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.The two clauses in a complex sentence do not have equal status, one is subordinate to the other.For example: Before John gave her a lecture, Mary showed no interest in linguistics.2. Draw a tree diagram for each of the following sentence: The police attached the suspect. S NP VP Det N V NP The police attacked Det N The suspect