西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别：网教 专业：英语 课程名称【编号】：语言学导论【0181】 A 卷大作业 满分：100 分. For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be theⅠbest answer to the question, or would best complete the sentence. Writethe corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (20%)1. Which of the following studies meaning in context? __A __.A. Pragmatics B. Semantics C. Morphology D. Phonology2. “friendly” is a（n） ___ A ___.A. compound B. inflectional word C. derivative D. morpheme3. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is ___ D___.A. directive B. informative C. performative D. phatic4. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless affricate? __C____.A. [s] B. [f] C. [tζ] D. [dЗ]5. “take” and “table” are ___ B ___ because they can stand as a word by themselves.A. inflectional morphemes B. free morphemesC. stems D. roots 6. Speech act theory was initially developed by __ B ___.A. Halliday B. Austin C. Searle D. Grice7. The syllabic structure of the word “affix” is ___ A __.A. VCCVC B. VCCVV C. VCVVC D. VCVCC8. The use of non-standard English persists because____C___.A. the working class is incapable of speaking “correctly” B. English is a complicated and therefore difficult language to master C. subordinate groups use non-standard English to promote solidarity D. teachers do not properly stress the importance of standard English in schools9. The study of a language at a particular point of time is called___ D ___.A. computational linguistics B. sociolinguisticsC. diachronic linguistics D. synchronic linguistics10. ___ A __ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. Langue B. Performance C. Competence D. Parole. Decide whether each of the following statements is Ⅱ True or False. (20%)11. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. T12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. T13. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. T14. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. F15. English is a tone language while Chinese is not. F16. Antonymy refers to the oppositeness of meaning between words. T17. Abbreviation is the way to form a word by combining parts of other words. F18. Displacement is a design feature of language which refers to the fact that there is no logical connection between the form and the meaning of a sign. F19. Creole is a language formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community. T20. An exocentric construction has a head or center, such as good friends. T. READING COMPREHENSION. Read the following passage and answerⅢeach of the questions based on it. Choose the correct answer write thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake todo for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passingreading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The functionof teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the mostefficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language.Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to publicscrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aidthe child in the quest for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learningto read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill- 1 - them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read ismade easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve theproblem of learning to read by reading.21. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that __ D ____.A) it is one of the most difficult school coursesB) students spend endless hours in readingC) reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD) too much time is spent in teaching about reading22. The teaching of reading will be successful if ____ B ____.A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB) teachers can help students develop their own ways of readingC) teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD) teachers can make their teaching activities observable23. The word “scrutiny” (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means “___ C ____”.A) inquiry B) observation C) control D) suspicion24. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ___ A ____.A) children become highly motivatedB) teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC) teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD) reading becomes children’s frequent enjoyable experience25. The main idea of the passage is that ___ C ____.A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC) reading ability is something learned rather than taughtD) reading is more complicated than generally believedⅣ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)26. How should errors on the part of foreign language learners be treated? (20%)When a second language learner uses a linguistic item in a way which fluent or native speakers of the①language regards as showing faulty or incomplete learning, he is considered to have made an error. Usually,error is used as a cover term referring generally to the learner’s misuse of the target language, may it begrammatical or pragmatic, conscious or unconscious.　The structuralist linguists follow the behavioristic view that to learn is to change old habits and build②new habits. In their opinion errors occur when the learner fails to respond correctly to a particular stimulus inthe second language. Since an error may serve as a negative stimulus which reinforces “bad habits”, it shouldnot be allowed to occur.　The post-structuralists regard errors as evidence of the learning process. By making hypothesis about③the target language, the learner arrives at a particular interlanguage. Then he modifies his hypothesis and goestowards the target language. ④　Obviously, errors can be found at the stage of interlanguage. As stated by Corder (1967), errors aresignificant in the process of language teaching and learning.27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sureyour answer is clear and logical.)Why do we study linguistics? When we study a particular language, we just study it and actually we arelimited by this language. While linguistics can help us study languages in general. In other words, linguistics isa systematic subject for students who want to learn any kind of language better.Just as my teacher said, linguistics is not only useful but also helpful. After I learned the second language-French, I found between English and French, there had something in common. However, language learning isstill more difficult than we get our mother tongue. It must because speech is earlier than writing, for examplelittle children hear sound or human voice first, then they learn written language because words are justsymbols. There are things, and then there are the names of things. Just as Shakespeare said a rose by any othername would sell as sweet. If we want to have a good command of other language, we should not only focus onone or two point such as grammar or vocabulary. We should keep in mind learn a language is to learn thewhole thoughts. That’s why we should study linguistics.Students always have rare interests in language learning for they don’t find a effective way to study it.When we recite words and try to understand the complicated grammar, we may be bored and tired, that’sbecause we do not know language’s similarities and generalizations. If we study linguistics, we can have asystematic recognition. During a period of time of learning, I find that linguistics has a widely use in languagelearning. Just like we read a sentence, we should consider the logical meaning of it because we shall know aword by the company it keeps, or we will make mistakes. If we learn linguistic, we can benefit a lot inlanguage learning and find the beauty of the language.- 2 - 1-5 AADCB 6-10 BACDAⅠ 11-15 TTTFF 16-20 TFFTTⅡ 21-25 DBCACⅢ27 例文二After getting the new course of linguistics, What disappointed me was that all the contents were writtenin English and there were a lot of new words which were strange and difficult to understand. I thought thiscourse would torture me.We can imagine a picture: all of us can not understand the contents . But I found I was wrong after attending the class. The contents were really difficult but after theexplanation of the teacher, we will have a better and clear understanding of it. The contents were no doubtboring, but the teacher made it interesting and enjoyable. Everyone involved in the interesting class, no onefeel bored even the students who seldom study. For every question, teacher would not stop teaching until all ofus had comprehended the new contents. We expected this class coming instead of other subjects which wereafraid of . After learning this subject, we were not only learn within the linguistics but also other aspects of sociallife.Such as the people and the way how they think.By studying the language we could peek into the history ofthe group of people who are still speaking of it.And finally we come to the understanding of these people bothmaterial and spiritual ways as well.So,I came to like linguistics.- 3 -