西南考试[0035]《英美国家概况》答案
发布时间：2023-07-29 07:07:04浏览次数：43西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别：网教 专业：英语 课程名称【编号】：英语国家概况【】 卷大作业 满分： 分一、 名词解释（每小题 分，总分 分，从下列名词解释中选作 题）Explain the following terms in English. 1. The River Thames !"#$!%$!&##'(!!#$) ! ! # (!$ *+,#-#!2. The feature of British climate.!/$!!!$!0!1+2!&2341!0%!5$!6#./,#''-)#$'! ! ,'#7, ,' # 1 8'#! $ !, 4 $ # ./ # ! #!, ! ')#.!/$!!9!'###1 /:'' # #9# , #9# 0%'$#;#!1,#<#!!34! !'%$!!6#!1$##<#$,!!!$./!' $ ! 8 % ! # !, ! 8'# $ !, ! ' 3$,#!$,$'$3. The results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain.4!#$!,,=!'!#,#!!#,1#!#!!#,! 9# # ! 6#! 1> '# 7, #'$'!#!$#$##!##!#!!$!!!'!4. Manufacturing Industry in UK?#!$5$#$!,!!,'#$!$$!1$1####'''$'1$8#$!5. British Imports'#!###$!#,#''!'''!#!86. The National Curriculum in UK3#!#!#$$',###$,%$,$$$',#!#7. The Open University in UK<'.,!!+&@''$$'',$!###!# 4@ ' ,1!, ! ! !! !#)9# ., # !$A!#'!#!!!,- 1 -
# ! ! <' ., ##!!!,!$8. Big Three of Britain’s NewspaperB!?,$'9. The Mississippi River (,$1''#7!#,7!5$#007''7''$# ，&7''1#!!10. The Salad Bowl#CC1C#!CCD!C1ECCC''CC!FC#C!C#C$'C8C,C1CCCCC'CC!#C#C!C#11. ANZAC Day># ?, !, 1# ! 3G! 1!, # ! 3 G!!!!!#;#!'#'$'!#1!F$!12. Old English!'%$,!!!-'!H<!%$7!!%$!7!%$<!%$#1! 1$ , 9 #, $068 ! %$!!!!%$#,#!<!%$!,!1$$#,二．论述题（每小题 * 分，总分 & 分，从下列论述题中选作 题）Write about 100 words in English on the following topics. 1. What is the English language?The development of English is usually divided into three major periods: Old English, Middle English, andModern English. Old English can be assumed to begin in the early fifth century when the Anglo-Saxons startedtheir invasion of England and turned the island into an English country. But the earliest written records of OldEnglish date only from around the beginning of the 8th century. The Middle English period began soon afterthe Norman Conquest in 1066. After the arrival of Normans, London became more important as a centre ofpopulation and activities. London standard English gradually became the basis of the dialect used in theproximity of London. And this finally gave birth to the official English language. By the end of the 15thcentury, London English had been accepted as a standard literary language in most parts of the country. One ofthe reasons was that printing was introduced into England in 1746 by Caxton and London became the center ofbook-publishers in England. The expansion of the British Empire helped to spread English into many countriesand places all over the world. Mordon English(standard spelling,standard pronunciation,standard③grammatical rules)2. What is the functions of the House of Common?1.prime political forum The most general and pervasive function is that the House of Commons provides the prime politicalforum in the country.In other words,it amounts to a convenient (and usually non-violent) setting for theexchange of views between Government and opposition.2. legislationFollowing the political settlement brought about by the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 ,Parliament is nowvirtually the only source of legislation.The main,but very limited,exception is legislation under the prerogativeeg in regard to civil servants at GCHQ (see:Council of Civil Sevice Unions v Minister for the Civil Service[1985] A.C.374.This power to legislate is especially important in so far as Article 4 goes on to provide thatActs of Parliament alone (and not the prerogative as recognised in earlier common law cases) can authorise thelevying of taxes.Together,these Articles are vital in ensuring that the executive accounts to Parliament,and bothgive Parliament some leverage over the Government.3.Secutiny of policies and administrationThe Commons next has the task of scrutinising the Government's policies and administration of itspolicies.Again note that Parliament has few policies of its own and certainly no coherent overall programmewhich rivals that of the Government - its functions are mainly to examine and react to the Government'spolicies and actions.The alternative to the Government is the Official Opposition not Parliament per se.3. What is the ideals of American Education?emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learningscholars and students should work to disvover new information or conceive new ways to understand whatis alread known;- 2 -
Learning is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation ,analysis,and synthesis ;The goal of education is to teach children how to learn and help them reach their maximum potentialEducation is both an individual benefit and social necessity.Every American has the right and obligationto become educated.Education is both an individual benefit and a social necessity.Every American has right and obligation to become educated.4. What is the major powers of the Supreme Court in US?The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. Establishedpursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate (and largely discretionary)appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases involving issues of federal law plus originaljurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court isgenerally the final interpreter of federal law including the United States Constitution, but it may act onlywithin the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtonesbut does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions, and its enforcement arm is in theexecutive rather than judicial branch of government.5. What is Glorious Revolution?In 1688, England was no more tolerant of a Catholic as king, so the English politicians rejected James II,and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, and the husband of Mary to invade and take the Englishthrone. William landed at Torbay on November 15, 1688 and marched upon London. In England this takeoverwas relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This became known as the GloriousRevolution. William and Mary both accepted Bill of Right, thus began the age of Constitutional Monarchy inEngland.6. What is the Magna Carta?Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta,is a charter agreed to by King John of Englandat Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peacebetween the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights,protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal paymentsto the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments,and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, theregency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its moreradical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217,it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, todistinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henryreissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes; his son, Edward I, repeated theexercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law.- 3 -
