英语（二）考前辅导Written By Jacky Ma英语（二）试题类型课程名称英语（二）课程代码00015预修课程无考试方法闭卷笔试（全国统考）考试日期每年 4月，10月考试时间150分钟改革前考试题型一、词汇语法10 题， 占 10%二、完型填空10 题， 占 10%三、阅读理解15 题， 占 30%四、补全单词20 题， 占 10%五．词性转换10 题 占 10%六．中译英5 题 占 15%七．英译中1 题 占 15%改革后考试题型一、阅读判断10 题， 占 10%二、阅读选择5 题， 占 10%三、补全句子10 题， 占 10%四、填句补文5 题， 占 10%五．填词补文10 题 占 15%六．完形补文10 题 占 15%七．短文写作1 题 占 30%2012 版英语（二）教材对于考试中会出现的新题型进行了新的划分以及评分标准的定义。考试题目还是分为 7 大类，但是 7 类题型全部进行了改革，下面我来谈一下考试改革前后的难易度对比。1， 改革前的考试比较侧重学生单词词汇量及语法的理解，之前考试中的词汇语法题考得是学生对于词汇的理解及运用。而改革后的试题除了考学生的词汇量，更加看中的是学员对整个句子的理解能力。2， 改革后的考试削减了阅读理解部分的题目数量和分值，增加了新的版块—概括文章段落大意思 20along with 和┄一道,和┄一起;21alternate (with)交替；22amount to 合计,共计;23an equal to 与……相当的人/物，(地位)相同的人24and yet 然而25anything but 一点也不；26anything like 像……那样的东西27anywhere near 接近于28apart form 除……之外尚有29apply to 向……申请，适用于30appreciation of 对……的欣赏/赞赏31argue against 反对32as a result of 作为……的结果，由于33as a result（作为结果，因此）表结果，用不用逗号隔开看情况而定；34as a whole 作为一个整体，整个看来35as far as …/are concerned 就……而言36as for 至于，就…方面说37as if 好像，仿佛38as soon as 一~就~39as though 好像，仿佛40as to 至于，关于；41as well 也，一样42as yet 迄今，到目前为止4 aside from 除┄之外; 344associate … with…由……联想到……，把……联系起来45association with 与……的交往46at a disadvantage 处于不利地位47at a loss 不知所措48at a time 每次，一次49at all 丝毫,根本;50at any moment 即使，随时。51at first 首先,开始的时候;52at large 未被捕获的,大多数;53at last 终于，最终；54at least 至少55at length 最终,详细地;56at most 最多57at no time 从不，决不58at one time 曾经，从前曾59at the cost of 以……为代价60at the least 至少；61at times 有时,间或;62at…speed 以……的速度63attend on 照顾，侍候；64attribute … to 把……归于65back up 后退，支持；66base on 基于6 be able to 能够，胜任 768be about to 正打算69be accustomed to 习惯于70be associated with 与……有关，与……有关系71be aware of 意识到；72be capable of 有能力干；73be caught 遇到，陷入74be committed to 被交给┄,答应承担┄义务;75be confined to 限制在,局限于;76be confined/be restricted 受……限制77be dedicated to 奉献,献给;78be devoted to 被用于，贡献给79be directed to 指向，针对80be drawn to 被┄所吸引;81be due to 由于，因此82be exposed to 暴露在┄下,处在┄的作用之下;83be fond of 喜爱84be full of 充满他85be habitual to(him) 对(他来说)习以为常86be in order 合适，恰当。87be involved in 参与，参加；88be involved with 与……有关连，89be left to 由┄来决定,由┄来想办法;90be limited to 限制在┄,限定在┄;9 be linked to/with something 1 与……连接92be proud of 为~而骄傲。93be referred to 被提及，被提交94be related to 与……有关95be sick of 厌恶┄,讨厌┄;96be subject to 经受,遭受;97be suitable for 适合于98be sure of 对┄的肯定;99be thrown in 额外赠送100be tied by/with 被……捆绑101be tied to 束缚于，捆绑于102be tired of 厌倦┄,厌烦┄;103behind time 晚点104belief in 对……的真实性或正确性具有的信心105believe(… to be) 相信……是106better than 好于……107beyond question 毋庸置疑108break away 脱离，逃跑109break down 损坏，分解，瓦解110break into 闯入111break in 强行进行，打断112break off 断绝，结束113break out 突发，爆发114break through 突破1 break up 终止，结束，打碎 15116bring about 产生；117bring forward 提出。118bring out 使出现；公布；出版；119bring up 培养，养大；120by accident 偶然，含有不幸的因素121by all means 无论如何，必定122by chance 偶然，意外地123by choice 处于选择124by contrast 对比之下;125by means of 用，依靠； 借助于126by means of 借助于127by mistake 错误地128by the way 顺便提一下129by virtue of 凭借，借助；因为，130by way of 经由，通过…方式131call forth 唤起，引起132call for 邀请，要求，需要133call off 放弃，取消134call on/upon 访问，拜访135care for 照顾，关心136carry out 贯彻，执行，实现137cast light on 阐明某事；138catch up with 赶上；1 catch sight of 看见； 39140center on 把┄集中在，以┄为中心；141characterized by 以┄为特征；142coincide with 与……相符143come from 来自，来源于;144come off 成功；145come on 涉及，谈及，到达，结束，总共，共计，突然想起146come out 出版，出现，结局是147come to 等于,结果是; 总计，达到148come under attack 受到打击149come under 归人，受到150come up 发生，形成；151comment on 评论，发表意见；152commit to 交付，把……投入153comply with 遵守，服从；154conform to 遵守，符合，顺应155consist of 组成156consistent in 在(某方面)一致157consistent with 与……一致158contribute to 有助于 ，促进，加剧;159copy out 抄写；160correlate with 找出一一对应的关系161count on 指望；162cut away 砍掉；1 cut down 削减； 63164cut off 打断，中断；165cut out 删掉;166dedicate …to 奉献；167depend on 依靠，依赖168die back 枯死；169die down 逐渐消失；止息；170die off 相继死去；171die out 消失；死绝;172difference in 在……方面的差别173do something for/to 改进，增强174doubt about 怀疑175due to 由于，因为176dwell on 利用177enter for 报名参加；178enter into 开始 （谈话，讨论）179entertain a proposal 愿意考虑这一建设180entertain an idea 抱着一种想法181even if 甚至，即使182even though （虽然，尽管）表让步；183ever since（自从┄之后，从此以后）表时间；184faithful to 忠心于185fall from 从…落下；186far from 毫不，远非1 favor of 喜欢 87188figure out 计算出189find out 查明190focus on 集中于，集中研究191followed by 接着是;192for all 尽管;193for example 举例来说194for instance 和 such as 都表示举例，前者常接句子，后者常接名词或名词短语；195for instance 例如196for the purpose of 为了┄目的；197for the sake of 为了……起见198frankly speaking 坦白来说199freedom from 免于……(的自由)200from all appearances 从所能见到和所能知道的情况判断201from all sides 从四面八方，全面地202from now on 从现在开始203from/by all accounts 根据方面所说204gather up 拾起，集拢；205generally speaking 一般来说206get along with 进展，相处融洽207get away 逃脱，离开208get away 逃脱，离开209get down to 开始，着手210get in 进入，收获，收集 211give in 妥协，让步，投降，屈服212give off 放出，释放213give out 分发，放出214give something away 泄露215give up 停止，放弃216give way 让路，让步217go beyond 超越，超过；218go by 从……旁走过，顺访219go for 追求220go in 进入，参加221go through 经历222hand on 传下来，依次传递223hand out 分发，散发224hand over 交出，移交225have a bearing on 与……有关系226have difficulty with 与---有分歧，相处不好227hold back 踌躇，退缩，阻止228hold down 控制229hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持230hold on 继续，握住不放，坚持231hold out 维持，伸出，提出，坚持232hold up 保持良好，停止；阻滞233hold up 举起，承载，阻挡234if only(要是，只要)表条件； 235in use 在使用；236in … degree 在……速度上237in a sense (从某种意义上说)它可以放在句首、句中或者句尾，一般不用逗号隔开；238in a state of 处于……的状态239in a way 从某一点上看240in accord with 与……一致241in addition to 除……之外，并且242in all 总共;243in any case 无论如何，不管怎样；244in case of 万一发生 …245in case 假使，以防；246in circles=in a circle 在原地兜圈子，毫无进展247in consequence 因此；248in doubt 有怀疑249in effect （实质上，实际上）它在句中一般不需要用逗号隔开；250in essence 实质上，本质上，根本上251in fact 实际上252in firm voice 用清晰，坚定的声音。253in general 总的来说,大体上;254in general 一般来说：255in line with 与┄一致，符合┄；256in mind 心里想着某人或某事；257in need of 需要2 in no way 决不 和补全句子。本大题考查学员对于通篇文章的理解能力以及是否可以将所阅读到的信息转换为概括性的语言。3， 改革后试题将原先两种试题类型中译英和英译中统一成了作文题型。统一后的分值为 30 分，与改革之前两大题的总分一致。作文是所有英语考试中学生的心头病，大多数同学目前的英语能力只停留在一个接受状态下，即能看懂别人写的文章，但实际产出能力较差。对于这类学生考试改革对他们是相当不利的，因为原本考试用的英译中环节占 15 分，部分学员能够大致看懂此类文章，并且适当翻译出部分内容。而新试题改革后，对于英语的理解完成变成了一个产出，而且这样对于部分考生而言实际上增加了考试难度减少了得分点。4， 从教学角度分析，英语（二）试题改革后原本的翻译部分合并成了写作，对于考试而言其实增大了难度，为了让学员可以顺利通过考试，有必要在今后的教学中大力加强写作环节的操练。5， 以下是本人结合对几套真题卷和考试特点的研究分析，进行的几大题型分别的做题技巧分析讲解，相信会对各位同学的考试起到一定的帮助。第一部分，阅读判断 10%要求：需要大家阅读文章之后，完成十道判断题，判断标准为 A.True B. False C. Not given根据本人在实际教学经验里发现，有相当一部分同学在判断 B. False 和 C. Not given 上会存在相当大的犹豫，这里请大家注意：所谓的 B. False 指的是所给题目的内容与原文中所提及的信息有相悖或者矛盾点 C. Not given 指所给题目的内容在原文中并为提及出现。技巧：1，先看题（此处看题为一语双关，首先指的是文章标题--了解本文主旨，围绕什么话题展开。 其次是文章需要大家完成的十道题目，看清题意）2，请大家对应题目的顺序在文中进行阅读，寻找答案。做题时请切记：文章需要大家完成的 10 道题目就是按照文章写作的顺序来排列的，如顺着文章的顺序完成了第 2 题之后直接找到了第 4 题的答案，即说明了第 3 题为 Not given3，做题切记：所有题目一定是按照文章顺序出现，所以要求各位考生在看文章时可以把与答案相对应的原文句子作划线标注，方便自查，避免漏选错选。 做题切忌：考试所选文章多为外国人的一些研究报告（survey/study), 部分问题牵涉到一些研究结果和调查，大家在看题时切不可带着个人主观意向来选答案，必须要从原文中找出对应句。第二部分，阅读理解 10%要求：需要大家阅读文章之后，完成五道选择题。该大题一共 5 小题，每题 2 分，满分 10 分。所以需要大家在下笔选择时谨慎小心，避免不必要的失分。技巧：1，先看题（此处看题仍旧为一语双关，首先指的是文章标题--了解本文主旨，围绕什么话题展开。 其次是文章需要大家完成的五道题目。）2，审题：即在阅读完每一题之后可以判断出该题属于何种类型的考题。目前各类英语考试，如CET4，CET6，PETS 等，阅读考试的考点大致为以下 5 种类型的题目。一，主旨题，要求大家通过阅读文章来选择文章的中心思想，以及作者想要在文章中突显出的，赞成的以及批判的观点。主旨题在各类议论文以及研究调查报告中比较常见，且主旨题每篇文章仅会出现一题。大家在看题时如见到：the main idea of the passage, the author emphasize, theauthor’s attitude等关键字的时候，即可判定为主旨题，传统阅读题上的主旨题可以通过看文章标题来判断，主旨题最佳的做题法就是看文章的标题，通过标题阅读来分析作者写本文的主要突显点。 二，释义题，即解释文中某个单词或者某个词组的意思。这大题的特点就是考察大家对于冷门词汇的理解，需要大家通过结合上下文的联系，来判断，排除，揣测该划线词组和单词可能的意思。但这几年阅读里真题里已经基本无法寻觅到释义题的踪影了。 58259in one’s opinion 在某人看来260in one’s terms 用……的话来说 in one’s view 根据……观点261in one’s way/in the way 妨碍，阻碍262in order to 为了263in order 整齐，恰当264in particular 尤其，特别；265in perspective 关系恰当地，观察合理地；266in point of 说到，关于267in question 对… 表示 怀疑，有疑问268in reference to 关于，就┄而论；269in regard to 关于270in relation to 关于，至于;271in reply to 作为回答；272in response to 作为对┄的回答，作为对┄的反应；273in return for 作为对┄的汇报/交换；274in short 总之,简言之;275in spite of 尽管；276in terms of 用┄的话；从┄方面来说；277in the analysis of 在对……进行分析时278in the bargain 此外，还279in the case of 至于┄，就┄来说；就…而论280in the company of 陪伴，伴随 ；281in the course of 在……过程中，在……期间 282in the end 最后283in the event of 万一发生;284in the form of 以┄形状，以┄形式；285in the light of 鉴于，由于；286in the process of 在┄的过程中；287in time 后来渐渐,终于 ;288in turn 依次地,反过来;289in vain 徒劳290in whole 整个地291infuse … into 注入292insist on 坚持，一定要293instead of 代替294interest in 对……的兴趣295irrespective of 不顾的,不考虑的;296isolate …from 使~与~隔离；使孤立 ；297it used to be 过去的情况是……298join in 参加（某种活动）；299lay emphasis on 强调；300lay/put blame on 责怪，归咎于301lead off 开始；302lead on 继续引领；303lead out 开始；304lead to 导致;305less than 不如，少于 306link together 联系在一起307long before 早在┄之前，很久以前308look on 旁观，观看309loyal to 忠诚于310make a step 走一步311make for 有助于，有利于；312make one’s way 前进，行进313make out 弄懂；辨认，开出（支票，药方等）314make sure 查明，弄确实；315make towards 朝…走去316make way 开路，让路317mean by ……的意思，……意味着318more … than 比……更……，与其说……不如说……，不是……而是319more than 不仅，不止;多于…320much as（虽然，尽管）表让步；321no less … than 和…一样…，既…又…322no more … than 既不会…也不会323not … but … 不是…而是…324now that(既然，由于)表原因；325object to 反对；326of course 当然327on a large scale 大规模的(地)328on a national scale 在全国范围内329on account of 由于; 330on average 按平均值,通常;331on behalf of 代表,为了;332on campus 在校园333on occasion 偶尔；334on radio 用无线电,通过广播;335on the average 按平均值，通常；336on the basis of 根据，在……的基础上337on the contrary 相反338on the grounds of 以……为理由339on the occasion of 在…场合，值…之际；340on the other hand 另一方面341on the radio 通过广播,无线电广播中;342on the side 额外地，作为兼职；343on the side of 在… 一边344on the whole 总的来看；345on time 准时;346one another 相互347one or other 不管哪一个348only if (只要，只有)表条件；349other than 除了，不同于；350out of step 不一致，不协调351out of the question 不可能的352out of use 不使用353owe …to… 把 …归功于 354pass out 分发，分配；昏倒，死去；355pass off 中止,停止;356pass on 把…传递给另外一个人;357pass out 失去知觉，晕倒；358pay attention to 注意；359pay by check 用支票支付360pay in cash 或 pay cash 付现金。361pay off 赢利，取得好结果，362persist in 坚持363pick up 捡起，提高；364plan for 为┄订计划；365point to 指向;366properly speaking 正确（公正）地讲367provided that(假若，倘如)表条件；368put together 加在一起;369put up with 忍受；370quite other 完全不同的371rather than ( 宁愿……)与其；是…而不是372refer to (… as) 提到，把……称为;参考373reflect discredit on 使丧失名誉374reflect on 思考，反省，怀疑375rely on 依靠，指望；376remove…from…把…从…去掉；撤职：377responsible for 对~负责。 378result from 由…产生，因…而造成：379result in 导致380ripe for 为什么做好准备。381root out 发现382run a risk 意为“冒风险”383sacrifice something to 为……牺牲某事384secure sth. from attack 使……受攻击385set about 开始，着手386set aside 掩饰出，留出387set back 推迟，延缓；阻碍388set down 卸下，放下；记下389set forth 阐明，陈述390set off 出发，使爆炸391set out 陈列，显示，启程392share with 与┄分享；393shoot a film 拍摄一个镜头394side with 站在┄一边，支持；395similar to 与┄类似；396since then 从那时起397something like 大约，有几分像……398sooner than 早于┄；399speed up 加速；400stand for 代表，意味着401step up 增加，加速 在 …方面不同。 402stick to 坚持，坚持干，遵循；403stimulated by 受┄的刺激（或激励）;404stir up 激起，引起，挑起；405such as 比方说,例如;406support for 对……的支持407sure enough 果然，果然不出所料;408take away 拿走，夺走；409take a step 采取措施;410take advantage of 利用。411take away 消耗，清除412take care of 照管；413take for 把┄看作，把┄误以为；414take in 接受，吸收，欺骗415take on 呈现，从事416take over 接管417take to 开始喜欢，开始从事，开始沉湎于418take up with 开始于~来往；419take up 专用420thanks to 由于，幸亏421the bulk of……的主要部分，大多数422the former…the latter…（前者…，后者…）423to … extent 在……范围，到……程度424to caution against 对……予以警告425to center around 以……为中心 426to some extent 某种程度上，有一点英文偏旁部首归纳Written and summarized by Jacky Ma一，名词后缀---age : postage , package village mileage ---ance/ence reliance dependence importance ---ancy/ency emergency expectancy agency ---er, or, ar (v/n—n) 人或工具 ---hood likelihood，childhood ---ion, tion,ation, sion ---ian( 人 ) vegetarian Martian ---ist ( 人 ) anti-fascist---logy ( 学科 ) logical (adj) logist (n) logically (adv) ---ics ( 科目 ) ---ship ( ) ---ment (v—n) ---ness (adj—n) There is kindness to be found everywhere. ---ty/ity (adj—n) cruelty 二，动词前后缀----en / en---- Reading enriches the mind. ---fy/---ify classify-classification humidify-humidification satisfy-satisfaction (faction/fication) exemplify-exemplification identify-identification---ize ruralization WTO (ization)三，形容词后缀 ---able/ible stable and prosperous ---al UNESCO---ful unfaithful ---ic/ical diplomatic dramatic eccentric ---ish ---ive ---ly ---ous anonymous synonymous antonymous ---y 四，实义前缀,后缀anti: 反, 反对 antisocial 反社会的 anti-japanese war anti-virus anti-wrinkle 抗皱 antioxidantauto: 自己的 automatic 自动的 automobile autonomous autoclean autocratic 独裁的bio: 生物，生 biology 生物学 anti-biotics biomedicine bio-hazard biogas 沼气co: 合 cooperate 合作 co-worker co-author co-ordinate 坐标 co-contractor 联合承包商de：除去，下 defrost 除霜 descend 下降—ascend decelerate-accelerate deprive剥削over: 超，过 overestimate 高估 overhead oversleep overcook overwork under：不足 underestimate 低估 underpay undergraduate 大学肄业生 underspeed underlineinter：际 International 国际 interview interact interrelationship interdependence 互相依赖mid 中 Mid-Autumn Festival midsummer midlife midpiece mini 极小的，微小的 minibus 小巴 miniskirt minimize miniature 微画mis 误 misunderstand 误解 mislead misplace mistrust misdiagnosispost 后 postwar 战后 postpone postgraduate postdoctor postfix pre 前 predict 预言 preview prepare precaution prevent prefixsub 下 subway 地铁 submarine subsidiary 附属的 substitute subbranch subhealthtele 远 telescope 望远镜 telephone telegram television telecommunication teleconference trans 转，换，横穿 transformer 变压器 transfer 转移 transport 运输 translate 翻译semi 半 semi-fianl 半决赛 semiconscious semicircle semiconductor aqua 水 Aquarius 水瓶座 aquarium aquaculture aquaria 鱼塘 National Aquatics Centergeo 地球，形状 geography 地理 geometry 几何 geology 地质学 geothermal agri 农 agriculture 农业 agrimotor 农用拖拉机 agritourism 农家乐 uni/ mono 一 uniform 制服 united unique monologue monotonous carbon monoxide bi/di 二 bilingual 双语的 biped carbon dioxide dialogue biceps duplicatetri 三 triangle 三角形 triple tricepes 三头肌肉 triplicate quadru 四 quadruped 四足动物 quadruples 四倍 quadruplicate penta 五 pentagon 五边形 pentameter 五步诗 pentathlon 五项全能hexa 六 hexagon 六边形 hexameter sept 七 septwolves 七匹狼 septangleocto 八 octopus 八爪鱼 octogenarian 耄耋 cent/centi 百 centigrade 摄氏度 kilo: 千 kilogram 千克 kilowatt in/im 进入, 内 intrude 侵占 import 进口 introvert ex- 外 exit 出口 export extrovert multi –多 multimedia multicultural multi-functioness/ress 女性 waitress 女招待 ---cide 杀 suicide 自杀 germicide 杀菌 pesticide insectcide 农药---ics 学科 politics 政治 physics , mathematics, statistics, ---graphy/graph 写 photography 摄影 autograph 亲笔签名 monograph ---ism 主义 heroism 五，否定前缀, 后缀un- unhappy________, unknown________dis- disappear________ dishonest_________im- impossible_________ immortal_________in-independent__________ inadequate_________a/ab-atypical__________ abnormal__________il-illeagl__________ illiteratural__________ir-irregular_________ irresponsible_________non- non-existent________ non-mainstream__________---less homeless_________ endless_________六，短语理解1， be+adj+prep=V be fond of 喜欢 be famous for 因….而出名 be angry with 对着…生气 be interested in 对…感兴趣 be proud of 为….骄傲 be abusive with 滥用 . etc2， 名词合成字 看右半边 schoolbag=school+bag 学校里用的包（书包）, armchair=arm+chair 带手臂的椅子（扶手椅）frontpage=front+page 表面那页（报纸，杂志等的首页）sweetpotato__________ lifeboat__________ anteater__________3，介词短语跟在 V 后=advwith a start=surprisedly 惊讶地 with ease=easily 简单地 in a hurry=hurriedly 匆忙地 in despair=desparately 绝望地 without hesitation=unhesitatingly 毫不犹豫地 以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组局势的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的 1-2 个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。1）表示原因：① There are three reasons for this.② The reasons for this are as follows.③ The reason for this is obvious.④ The reason for this is not far to seek.⑤ The reason for this is that…⑥ We have good reason to believe that…例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this. 这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2）表示好处：① It has the following advantages.② It does us a lot of good.③ It benefits us quite a lot.④ It is beneficial to us.⑤ It is of great benefit to us.例如：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively if of great benefitto us.3）表示坏处：① It has more disadvantages than advantages. ② It does us much harm. ③ It is harmful to us.例如：However, everything divides into tow. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4）表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能： ① It is important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth.② We think it necessary to do sth.③ It plays an important role in our life.例如：Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home, too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.5) 表示措施： ① We should take some effective measures. 三，推理题，如各位同学在审题过程中见到以下关键字出现，那么大家就要当心了，考试中相对较难的推理题就要出现了，如：infer/imply 两个单词都会暗示的含义，这类题目的难点如下：既然叫推理题，那么答案选项一定是在文中不曾出现过的，并且会以某种“旁敲侧击”或者“打比方”的方式来告诉大家，这类题目的考察点是看考生能否从文章的某句话中听出其中的“话中话”是什么意思。 四，细节题，细节题的题目在阅读过程中类似补全句子，如 The writer thinks XXXX because__________. 这类题目的特点是大家可以通过文章中细节的搜寻从而将题干中的句子补全，就是说答案一定在文中 可找。但需要堤防的是出题组老师经常会给大家的一个“陷阱”，即“平行词汇”，所谓的 平行词汇即大家现在很难可以在做细节题的时候能够在答案中和原文中找到一模一样的答案，出题老 师会故意将正确答案以一种“同意不同表达句”的方式呈现给大家，其实也就是变相在考察广大考生 的一个词汇量和理解能力。 五，细节推理题，看到这里也许会有些同学表示很莫名其妙了，因为之前提到过推理题（答案不在文中）和细节题（答案一定在文中）那怎么判断出这题是属于细节推理题呢？这点务必请大家知晓，细节题和细节推理题在题干阅读时是完全分不出来的，只有在做题时才能发觉。所以要求大家在做细节题的时候就需要遵循以下方式---“排除法”这也是细节推理题做题的秘诀，即如果在文章中提到和选项答案相反或者有误差的，请将该答案排除，有可能当大家根据文章把 3 个有误的选项排除掉之后，剩下的选项即标准答案也是文中未曾出现过的，这类题目的考察点是判断广大考生的理解推敲能力。3，锁定题，所谓的“锁定题”即要求大家可以在看完题目，审查完题目考点之后，在文章中将可以揭示题目答案的关键句锁定出来。在锁定时大家务必要清楚明白以下一点：“顺序”。所谓“顺序”即文章所问的五道题目在文中对应出现的位置也是按照顺序先后出现的，如第一题的答案基本会在第一段或者第二段出现，大家也决不可能在第一段中找到第三题的答案。第三部分，段落大意+补全句子 10%要求：首先，在阅读完文章后（通常文章为一个引子部分和 5 个段落组成），从 6 个选项中找出 5个来匹配 5 个段落的段落大意。其次，有 5 个从文中选取的句子但不完整，需要考生从从 6 个选项中找出 5 个来补全句意。技巧：段落大意 5%1，看文章标题和 6 个备选段落大意，真题考试中的段落大意选项均为“特殊疑问句”，即由 wh/how 引导的问句，所以选择答案的第一依据就是：在阅读完某一个段落后可以回答选项中某一个特殊疑问句的问题，那么该选项即为本段段落大意。第二种依据是大家可以在选项里找到“关键字”，所谓关键字有时就是大家都不熟悉的“生词”，并且该生词仅出现在本选项中。如大家在某一段切仅有这段中找到该字，那么含有该生词的选项即可成为本段段落大意。2，在大家阅读完题目后，千万不要急着马上开始选答案，更不要一个个段落按照顺序来选答案。要求大家先把 5 个段落以最快的速度过一遍，并且寻找“定位句”，所谓定位句是指考生可以百分百确定自己选对的答案，考试的文章段落难度有高低，其实就是要求大家在看完全文后将难度最低，准确率可以保证的选项先找出。因为 6 选 5 的特点是答案选一个少一个，不得复选，所以把难的留到最后，届时可供选择的选项也少了很多。补全句子 5%1，筛选答案（语法）：补全句子的做题最大技巧就是再于考生可以通过自身对于英语语法特点，在阅读完给出的 5 个题目后，结合所给答案筛选出备选答案，历年真题里大家都可以用这个方法找出选项和题目中的唯一答案。2，其实还未完成的题目，大家要做的就是回归段落，即根据自己所选的段落大意，将题目句还原至文中锁定句子的位置，选取相应的答案。3，难点：在之前的阅读部分就提到过“平行词汇”的概念，即同意不同字的问题，补全句子部分 ② We should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties. ③ We should do our utmost in doing sth. ④ We should solve the problems that we are confronted (faced) with.例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.6) 表示变化： ① Some changes have taken place in the past five. ② A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications. ③ The computer has brought about many changes in education.例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.7) 表示事实、现状： ① We cannot ignore the fact that… … ② No one can deny the fact that… …③ There is no denying the fact that… …④ This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in … …⑤ However, that’s no the case.例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote environment. 8) 表示比较：① Compared with A, B…… ② I prefer to read rather than watch TV. ③ There is a striking contrast between them.例如: Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least, they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical.分析列举式具体表述如下：两种模板：　　1．_________的确是一个值得探讨的话题。不同的人有不同的看法，有的认为______，有的认为____________，还有的认为____________我认为最重要的一点是____________.　　第一段：　　There is no denying the fact that (why/how/what) ____________ is a hot topic whichis much talked about [not only by ____________, but also by ____________ /by people across the world/ in a modern society].　　或：There is no denying the fact that (why/how/what) ____________ is a popular topic which has caused heated debate over a long period of time (because it affects everybody in his or her daily lives).　　或：There is no denying the fact that (why/how/what) ____________ is a basic (moral/philosophical) problem that can not be circumvented by anybody,( because the opinion on this problem will determine one’s attitude toward the world and the life).　　第二段：（如果是针对某一事件的题目，不是什么 popular topic）____________(Why people visit museums) is a interesting question that deserves careful investigation not only by_______________(museum managers), but also by ____________(visitors themselves). Peoplewith different experience, life style and [emotional concerns / educational background/____________] differ greatly in their attitudes toward this [problem /question]. Some people hold the opinion that ____________. Others, [however/on the contrary], maintain that ____________. Still others, convinced by the view that ____________, argue that ____________. According to them,____________. But as far as I amconcerned, I consider the [chief reason/ most important quality] is ____________. And here are three reasons that I’d like to point out.　　第三段：　　In a word, ____________(the three points mentioned above) are the main opinions on____________ hold by [common/most] people. But my idea is that ____________________, and I sincerely believe that it is right.2．____________的确是一个值得探讨的话题。人们看法比较一致，第一第二第三。我认为最重要的一点是____________　　第一段:　　第一句同 1。第二句：　　Somewhat surprisingly, people with different experience, life style and [emotionalconcerns / educational background/____________] share similar attitudes toward this [problem/question]. They usually [give some, even all of the following reasons / considersome, even all of the following points [important/ necessary / desirable /advisable] ].　　第二段：套用以下作文经典句型深入展开　　第三段：In a word, ____________(the three points mentioned above) are the main [reasons /desirable qualities /____________] of ____________. But as far as I am concerned, I consider the [ chief reason/ most important quality] is ____________.或：In a word, ____________(the three points mentioned above) are the main opinions on____________ hold by [common/most] people. But in my point of view, ____________ has moreadvantages than disadvantages under most circumstances.1，作文经典句型1）…. be + 形容词最高级+名词+主语+have ever seen/known/had/read,etcHelen is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. 海伦是我见过的最美丽的女孩。2）Nothing is + 比较级 than + to do …Nothing is more important than to receive education.没什么比接受教育更重要。3）cannot emphasize …too much （再怎么强调。。。也不为过）We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much.. 我们再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不为过。4）There is no denying that …….. (不可否认)There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认我们的生活质量每况愈下。5）It is universally acknowledged that …(全世界都知道) It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树对我们很重要。6）There is no doubt that…(毫无疑问) There is no doubt that our education system leaves something to be desired. 不可否认我们的教育制度令人不满意。 7）The reason why+句子 is that + 句子 …（….的原因就是…..）The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我们必须种树的原因就是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 8）So +形容词+ be + 主语+ that + 句子 …（如此….以至于） So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们浪费不起。9）Adj+as+主语+be, 句子 （尽管….., …….） Rich as our country is , the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. 尽管我们的国家很富有，但我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。10）The+比较级，the+比较级 (越，越)The hard you work, the more progress you make. 你越努力，进步就越大。11）It is conceivable that+句子 (可想而知) It is obvious that +句子 （明显的）It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role is our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。12）be closely related to…(……..与…..息息相关)Taking exercises is closely related to our health.运动与我们的健康息息相关。13）Due to/Owing to/Thanks to …(因为/归功于) Owing to the policy-- reforming and opening up, people can lead a well-off live.归功于改革开放政策，人们可以过上小康的日子。14）Have a great influence on…(对….有很大影响) Smoking has a great influence on our health. 吸烟对我们的健康有很大影响。15）do good to (对….有益) ，do harm to (对….有害) Reading does good to our mind. 读书有益身心。Overwork does harm to our health. 过度工作有害健康。16）pose a great threat to…(对….造成一大威胁) Pollution poses a great threats to our existence.污染对人类生存构成一大威胁。17）do one’s utmost to + V = do one’s best to + V (全力以赴) We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽力去达成我们的人生目标。18）Those who....+ V (那些...的人 V )Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.那些违反交规的人应该受罚。 大家根据题干回到原文里寻找到的句子，和答案备选的部分往往给出的单词是不一样的，但是表达的意思是相同的，这点就是需要考察大家的词汇量问题。第四部分，填句补文 10%要求：大家会阅读到一篇文章，文中被抽走了 5 个句子。考生需要在下面 6 个选项中找出 5 个答案，补入文中，使得整篇文章通顺，该题考察各位考生的理解和分析句际逻辑能力。语法与词汇【主要语法列举】动词I. 动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有 16 种，以 ask 为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时一般 ask / asks asked shall/will askshould/would ask进行 am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will beaskingshould/would be asking完成 have/has askedhad asked shall/will have askedshould/would haveasked完成进行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would havebeen asking2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。I have read that book.我读过那本书了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。4. 一般将来时的表达方式：将来时 用法 例句1will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be tennext year.2be going to+动词原形含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事It’s going to clear up.We’re going to have a party tonight.3be + doing 进行时表示将来go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? 4be about to + 动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.5be to + 动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’re to meet at theschool gate at noon.6一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来The meeting starts atfive o’clock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II. 动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1 一般现在时am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时was/were being asked2 一般过去时was/were asked 7 现在完成时have/has been asked3 一般将来时shall/will be asked8 过去完成时had been asked4 过去将来时should/would be asked9 将来完成时will/would have been asked5 现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加 not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构 begoing to, used to, have to, had better 变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that…It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that…It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that…下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等 非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto bedoingto have doneto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesb’s doing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句 备注关系代词who人 主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which 和that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人 宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..whose人，物定语I like those books whose topicsare about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物 主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you wasworth $10.The picture which was about theaccident was terrible. as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as 做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用 in whichwhy原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason whyhe turned down my offer.可用 forwhichII. that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别：情况 用法说明 例句只用that 的情况1． 先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2． 先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4． 先行词既指人又指物时5． 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时6． 句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everythingthat he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best filmthat I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who,whom 的情况1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 which 指物，whom 指人。3． 先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用which, 先行词为 those, one, he 时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as 与 which 的区别：定语从句区别 例句限制性定语从句中名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时，关系代词用 as,不能用 whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as youcan’t understand. 非限制性定语从句中as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用 as；而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别 语法意义及特征 例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happenedat the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用 that 引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.名词性从句种类 作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用 it 作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that, whether, if,as if, as though, who,whose, which, how, when, where,why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesn’t matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后It looks as if it is going to snow.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game.同位语从句放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact 等) 表明其具体内容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.状语从句种类 连接词 注意点时间状语when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while 引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until 用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。地点状语where, wherever原因状语because, as, since, now thatbecause 语气最强，since 较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as 又次之。条件状语if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替 目的状语so that, in order that, for fearthatso that 和 in order that 后常接may, should, could, would 等情态动词结果状语so…that, such…that比较状语than, as…as, not so/as…as, themore…the more方式状语as if, as though, asas if 和 as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, wheneveras 在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although 和 though 用正常语序，可和 yet 连用，但不可和 but 连用【词汇变通】【完形填空词组及固定搭配常考汇总】1 a host of 大量2 a test for 检测目的3 a test on 对……进行测试4 a test with 检测手段5 above all 最重要的;6 according to 根据7 account for 占（比例）8 achieve one’s purpose 达到目的9 achieve success 获得成功10achieve victory 获得胜利11act on 遵照┄行动，作用于；12act on 对…有影响13add up to 总计，合计14add… to 把…加到….15adhere to 坚持，奉行；16after all 毕竟，均不合题意；17agree on 对……取得一致意见18agree to 同意19agree with sb.同意某人的话