大学英语 4 主 题：对 Unit 10 的语法点主谓一致主语与谓语的一致（本课难点）4. 不定代词 either, neither, every, each, one, the other, another 以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数，包括“every/each/no … and every/each/no …”作主语时。例如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off. 每架飞机和每个飞行员都已准备好起飞。No plane and no pilot is ready to take off. 没有一架飞机、没有一个飞行员已准备好起飞。Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading. 这有两本书，都值得一读。Neither of these two dictionaries contains this word. 这两本词典都没收入这个字。I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here. 我有两个姐妹，一个在这儿，一个不在这儿。Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。Either day is OK. 两天中哪一天都行。5. what, who, which, any, more, some, half, most, all, none 等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。例如：Which is your book? Which are your books?Here’s some more (coffee). Here’re some more (tomatoes).None of the books are/is easy enough for us.None of the coffee is good enough.Most ofthe money was stolen. Most ofthe members were there.All of All of . Some of Some of Half of Half ofNone of None ofTwo thirds of Two thirds of由 Many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词做主语时，意义上虽然是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数。如：Many a person is for his plan. 很多人赞成他的计划。 More than one people is against his plan. 不止一个人反对他的计划。None of this worries me. 这事我一点也不着急。6. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体，则动词用复数。例如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。Where’s that five pounds? 那五英镑在哪儿？Ten years is a long time. 十年很长。Eight minutes is enough. 八分钟够了。Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圆太贵了。There are six silver dollars in each of the stocking. 每只袜子里有六个一美元的银币。7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。例如：The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。The beautiful is loved by all. 人人都爱美。The difficult we do at once. The impossible takes a little longer. 困难的事情我们马上做。不可能的事情需要稍微长一点的时间。还有 the unknown(未知的事物)，the unexpected（出乎意料的事），等等。8. 如果主语由 “a kind/sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of +名词” 组成，不管名词是单数还是复数，动词通常用单数。例如：This kind of man annoys me. = This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is … 这种苹果很贵。类似的还有：a series of（一系列）, a pile of（一堆）, a panel of（一个小组委员会），如：A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。 9. means 作“方法、手段”讲时，单复数同形其前面有 each, every, neither, either 等单数概念的定语时，谓语动词用单数；若有 all, both, these 等复数概念的定语时，谓语动词用复数。 例如：There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。Every means is to an end. 每一种手段都能达到一种目的。A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行车是一种交通手段。All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried. 所有/每一种方法都试过了。（三）就近一致1. 当主语由 either … or, neither … nor, not only … but (also) 或 or 连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，汤姆上课也迟到。Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. 孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。2. 当 there be 结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。例如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table. 桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。There’re ten chairs and a table in the house. 屋子里有十把椅子和一张桌子。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. 这儿有一支笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。3. 做主语的名词或代词后接 with, together with, along with, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。例如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。The girl, as well as the boys, has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和那些孩子一样也学会了开汽车。 主谓一致例题讲解（重点掌握）1. Whether he comes or not __________ matter too much.A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. haven’t解析：本题由句子作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以选择 A。2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __________ tired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be解析：not only… but also…连接两个主语时，谓语与最邻近的主语在人称和数方面保持一致，所以选择B。3. “News of victories __________ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept解析：news 为不可数名词，谓语用单数，所以选择 B。4. Ten minutes __________ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A. is B. are C. is like D. seems解析：主语为表示数目的名词，谓语用单数。根据句意：十分钟仿佛一小时，用 seems。所以选择 D。5. Most of the wood __________ to make furniture.A. were used B. have been used C. had been used D. was used解析：wood 为不可数名词。本题要用过去时的被动结构。所以选择 D。练习题（重点练习）1. I have been looking forward to ________ from my parents.A. hear B. being heard C. be heard D. hearing2. Never before ________ see such a terrible car accident on the road!A. I have B. have I C. I did D. did I3. The boy is not happy at the new school. He has ________ friends there. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little4. After a lot of difficulties, he ________ to open the door. A. managed B. succeededC. accomplished D. tried5. He left in such a hurry that I _______ had time to thank him. A. almost B. even C. hardly D. nearly答案：1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. C