0541《商务英语》2018 年 6 月期末考试指导一、考试说明本课程期末采取闭卷考试的考核方式，具体如下：1. 考试时间：90 分钟。2. 试卷总分：100 分。3. 试卷题型：① 阅读与理解（每空 2 分，共 60 分，共三个部分：第一部分是 10 道单项选择题；第二部分是一篇完形填空，共 10 小题；第三部分是两篇短文阅读理解，共 10 小题）；② 商务翻译（A 部分：短语翻译，每小题 1 分，5 小题英译汉，5 小题汉译英；B 部分：句子翻译，每小题 2 分，共 5 小题，均为汉译英）；③ 商函写作（1 题 20 分）。二、重点知识及习题第一部分：阅读与理解Section A 单项选择题答题技巧：这部分主要考察的是商务英语语法与词汇的理解及其运用，主要靠平时的不断积累和训练。具体技巧：1、对词类的词形变化规则要熟悉，概念要清楚，记忆要准确，联想要快捷。2、在句中填写单词或短语时，注意看清所填单词在句中充当的成分，看清所填单词前面的修饰语，看是否是固定句式或惯用搭配。3、利用句子提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析和推理，便能轻而易举地猜出词义，选出单词。此外，在做词汇题时，还可以使用排除法。错误的选项主要体现在以下三个方面：A.选项本身语法错误，如主谓、时态不一致，形式不符；B.选项议题与谈话主题无关；C. 选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点。同学们在复习的时候，首先是要掌握好每个单元的单词和短语，并区分词义相近单词的用法。这方面的题目往往充满陷阱，答题时一定要做到仔细，不能一晃而过。考试前同学们一定要把课件里面每单元的单词短语好好复习下，熟悉他们在课文中的用法，多读几遍课文，做题的时候才会有语感。下面列出一些商务词汇的解析，帮助大家了解商务词汇的用法：1.coverage n.保险总额，承保范围，保险险别 　　【商务用语】additional extended coverage 追加保险额 　　assets coverage 资产担保率 　　commodity coverage 商品范围 　　deductible coverage 应扣除保险额 　　2.crane n.起重机 　　【商务用语】cargo crane 船货起重机 　　bow charging crane 船头装货起重机 　　container crane 集装箱起重机 　　stevedoring crane 装卸起重机 　　3.crash n.破产；市场崩溃；暴跌（物价）vi.垮台 　　【例句】The stock market crash of 1929 ruined many people. 　　1929 年股市的崩溃使许多人破产。 　　4.credibility n.信誉 　　【商务用语】credibility gap 信用差距；言行不一 　　5.creditable adj.可信的 　　【商务用语】creditable tax 可抵免税款 　　6.bootleg vt.非法制造酒等；走私　　【例句】The company bootlegged corn whiskey during Prohibition.　　那家公司在禁酒期间偷运玉米威士忌。　　7.bottleneck n.瓶颈状态；薄弱环节；阻塞现象；影响生产流程的因素 vt.阻塞，妨碍　　【商务用语】bottleneck commodity 稀缺商品　　bottleneck problem 薄弱环节问题　　bottleneck in+ation 瓶颈式通货膨胀，短线涨价　　bottleneck industry 薄弱环节产业　　【例句】Production of material has bottlenecked.　　原料的生产受到了阻碍。　　8.bounty n.奖励金，补助金　　【商务用语】export bounty 出口津贴　　import bounty 进口奖励金　　【例句】We received a bounty from the goverment.　　我们收到政府给予的一笔补助金。　　9.boycott n.联合抵制 vt.联合抵制；联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交；联合拒购　　【商务用语】credit boycott 拒付货款　　primary boycott 直接抵制　　boycott a commercial product 抵制某种商品　　boycott a nation 对某国实行抵制　　【例句】They are boycotting the shop because the people who work thereare on strike to boycott a meeting.　　他们拒绝购买那家商店的货物，因为店里的员工正在为联合抵制一个会议而罢工。　　10.brainstorm n.灵机一动 vt.集中各人智慧猛攻　　【例句】We need to brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem.我们需要群策群力，设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法。下面再举出几个词汇短语的选择题，让大家了解一下此类题型的做法：1. Benefits _____ health insurance, a three-week vacation, an paid sick leave.A. consist of B. consisting C. will consist D. are consisting解析：Benefits 是主语，所以空格处是谓语动词。health insurance 以下部分是宾语，consist 是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，必须和 of 连用。因此 A 选项是正确答案。consistof 意为“由……构成”。词汇：benefits 福利，津贴 health insurance 健康保险 paid 带薪 sick leave 病假2. Only managers may access _____ company files on the network.A. exact B. aware C. sensitive D. concerned解析： 空格处应当是修饰 company files 的形容词，因此首先排除不能充当定语只能起叙述作用的形容词 aware。句意为：“只有管理者能够接触在网络上的_____公司文件。”因此 C 项“高度机密的，敏感的”最为合适。词汇：manager 管理者 access 接触，获得使用权 file 文件夹 network 网络3. Online customers will get a 20 pencent discount on first and business class _____ .A. upgrade B. upgrades C. upgraded D. upgrading解析：first and business class _____ 在句子中充当 on 的宾语，所以空格处应当是名词，这样答案就在 A 和 B 项中。upgrade 表示“升级”，是可数名词，因此复数形式的 B 是正确答案。词汇：first class 一等舱 business class 商务舱 discount 打折，优惠举例：（ ）1 Please quote us your best price CIF Lagos, __________ the earliest date of shipment. A. stating B. stated C. state D. to state（ ）2 If you can __________us a 3% discount, we shall give you our initial order amounting toUS$ 25,000. A. provide B. pay C. guarantee D. allow（ ） 3 We regret our inability to agree ____________ your proposal to pack the goods____________ cardboard boxes, because transshipment has to be made at Hong Kongfor the goods to be shipped to our port.A. on, in B. to, in C. with, in D. to, by（ ）4 Insurance is to be _________by the buyer if transaction is concluded on FOB or CFRbasis.A. taken B. covered C. done D. made（ ）5 We will pack the goods according to our usual practice if we do not hear from you __the contrary.A. on B. to C. in D. as参考答案：1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. BSection B 完型填空答题技巧：完型填空是试卷中较难的题型，因为它既涉及到对考生词汇量的考查，又涉及到对语法、阅读理解能力的考查。完型填空必须建立在理解文章的基础上，所以考生不能还没有读完文章就开始进行选择，而应该先进行第一遍快速阅读，争取这第一遍阅读后就能够大致了解文章的大意、主题、作者的观点。然后对每道题所给词语的确切含义进行分析比较，并考虑到全文整体意境的影响，做到上下文呼应。一个题目的正确选项，必须做到意思和语法都正确。如介词后面的代词必然是宾格，情态动词后要用动词原形以及一些固定的短语搭配等等。借助已补空缺，重新细读全文。把所选择的词或短语放到文章中去，看看上下文的句意是否通顺，逻辑推理是否合理，语法是否恰当。举例：Dear SirWith 1 to Our S/C No.7904 of August 8, we 2 to say that your L/C has notreached us up to now. This has caused us much 3 as the goods have been 4 forquite some time and we have already made preparations for shipment according to the 5of the said S/C. （ ）1. A. refer B. reference C. regards D. regarding（ ）2. A. regret B. regretted C. regretting D. regrettable（ ）3. A. inconvenience B. issues C. problem D. question（ ）4. A. made B. open C. ready D. produced（ ）5. A. regulation B. stipulation C. rule D. specification参考答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. BSection C 阅读理解题答题技巧：做阅读理解的时候，最重要的一点：平和的心态。给大家谈一下做阅读理解题的步骤。第一步，先看问题，带着问题看文章，这样才会心中有数，知道在什么地方应该留意。第二步，浏览全文，掌握全貌。尤其要注意每一段的段首句或段尾句以及第一自然段和最后一个自然段。因为这些地方往往是文章的主旨所在地。第三步，细读原文。这一遍细读就要抓住时间、地点等细节性的信息和一些表示转折、因果关系等的连接词，并且领会文章的寓意。第四步，初选答案。最后，重读原文，仔细斟酌答案。解题方法大致有以下几种：直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。转换解题法即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义排除法。综合推理法。当题干中有"suggest, infer, conclude, probably, likely"等字眼时，就需要用到综合推理法。着眼于全篇进行分析和推理。举例：Passage OneThe UK is extremely dependent on foreign trade. About 40 per cent of the population’s foodand a large proportion of the raw materials used by industry have to be imported. In 1980 exports of goods and services were equal to about 25 per cent of the Gross National Product.In the exports of manufactures, the UK, in recent years, has done less well than her majorcompetitors. The UK’s share of the value of the main manufacturing countries’ exports fell from16 percent in 1980 to about 9 per cent in 1999. This was due to the fact that the volume of UKexports increased at an annual average rate of 5 per cent, only about one-half the rate achieved bythe main manufacturing countries as a whole and about one-third the rate for Japan.Changes in the commodity composition of exports have been very small in recent years. Theshare of manufactured goods has increased slightly while the share of basic materials has declined.There has been a steady decline in the share of textiles and an increase in the share of chemicals intotal exports. Over the next decade the possibility of exporting North Sea Oil and the diminishingdependence on imported oil should have a beneficial effect on the UK’s visible trade balance.The most striking change in the geographical distribution of UK exports in recent years hasbeen the swing away from the traditional Commonwealth markets and a growing dependence onthe market in Western Europe. Exports to Western Europe accounted for about 34 per cent of UKexports in 1989 but by 2000 this share had grown to nearly 60 per cent. This is much in line withdevelopments in world trade as a whole, because trade between industrialized countries has beenthe fastest growing sector of world trade. The other important development is the growingimportance of the markets in the oil-exporting countries.（ ）1. The export of manufactures of U.K. during recent years . A. has risen.B. has done better than the major competitors.C. has fallen D. has done less well that developing countries.（ ）2. The export of textiles .A. has declined B. has declined sharplyC. has increased slightlyD. has increased sharply（ ）3. The export of basic materials .A. has increasedB. has declinedC. has remained steadyD. has little changed（ ）4. What is the most striking change in UK exports?A. The swing away from the traditional Commonwealth markets and a growingdependence on the market in Western Europe.B. Changes in the commodity composition of exports.C. The increase of the share of manufactured goods and the decline of the share ofbasic materials.D. the beneficial effect of the export of oil on the UK’s visible trade balance. （ ）5. Which statement is not true?A. UK is exporting more to Western Europe.B. trade between UK and Western Europe has been the fastest growing sector of worldtrade.C. UK will possibly import less oil over the next decade.D. UK is exporting more chemicals. Passage TwoEconomic "globalization" is a historical process, the result of human innovation andtechnological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world,particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers to the movement ofpeople (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. There are also broadercultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here.At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization. The term has come intocommon usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that have made it easier andquicker to complete international transactions—both trade and financial flows. It refers to anextension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at alllevels of human economic activity—village markets, urban industries, or financial centers. Markets promote efficiency through competition and the division of labor—the specializationthat allows people and economies to focus on what they do best. Global markets offer greateropportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world. It means that theycan have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. Butmarkets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all. Countries must be prepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case of the poorestcountries may need the support of the international community as they do so. （ ）6. Globalization is .A. a novelty in recent years.B. mysterious as it hasn’t been well known by the majority of people.C. not new to peopleD. a historical event. （ ）7. Globalization refers to A. the increasing integration of economies around the worldB. the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across internationalbordersC. an extension beyond national borders of the market forcesD. All of the above（ ）8. When did the term “globalization” first come into usage?A. since 1990s B. since the 1980s C. since 1970s D. since 2000s（ ）9. What are the benefits of globalization?A. increased efficiency of the marketB. cheaper imports C. larger marketsD. all of the above（ ）10. Which of the following is not true?A. All the countries will share the same benefits from globalization.B Globalization makes it easier and quicker to complete international transactions.C. Countries must take active measures to embrace globalization.D. The benefits of increased efficiency will not be shared by all the countries.参考答案：1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A第二部分：商务翻译答题技巧：本部分试题分为两个部分，第一部分是短语翻译，大家要掌握商务英语固定短语的搭配和词义。第二部分句子翻译，主要是汉译英。试题主要涉及商务英语词汇、语法、句型以及习惯用法等诸多方面的内容，是对商函写作的基本能力的考查。要想提高汉译英的解题能力，首先要熟记固定短语和习惯用法，然后对其句型、语法以及句子结构认真分析，确保写出地道的英语句子。其次还必须注意其时态、语态的特点，谓语动词的正确形式以及主从句的成分是否齐全等，确保所写句子的表达合乎英语习惯。最后还须认真检查，看句子是否通顺。要做好本题，还是要熟读课文，熟记商务英语固定句型和相关表达方式。举例：Section A1. potential business 2. commercial counselor 3. gunny bag 4.documentary collection5.force majeure 6 舱位 7 空白背书 8 保兑信用证 9.条形码 10.选择港 Section B1 从网上得知贵公司名称和地址，并了解到你公司经营玩具的进出口。2 请报我方 100 公吨大米的最低价 CIF 广州，并表明最早交货期。3 现寄去我方的销售确认书一式两份，请签退其中一份以供我方存档。4.如能提供样品，我们将不胜感激。5.你方可向他们开出面额为发票金额的 60 天远期汇票。参考答案：Section A1 潜在业务 2 商务参赞 3 麻袋 4 跟单托收 5 不可抗力 6 shipping space 7 blank endorsement 8 confirmed L/C 9 bar code 10 optional portSection B1 We have obtained your name and address from the Internet and learned that you are specializingin the import and export of toys.2 Please quote us your best price for 100 metric tons of rice on CIF Guangzhou basis, stating theearliest delivery date.3 We are now sending you our Sales Confirmation in duplicate; please sign and return one copyfor our file.4 We would appreciate it if you could supply samples.5 You may draw on them at 60 days for the amount of the invoice. 第三部分：商函写作答题技巧：本部分考察大家对商函格式的掌握和商务翻译能力。大家要认真复习每个单元的写作部分，掌握每种商函的格式、称呼、结束礼辞、日期及具体内容的表达方法。熟读例文并背诵重点句子和段落。1. 格式问题：收信人的姓名和地址置于信纸的左上方地址、称呼和结束礼词后没有标点符号日期在右上方段落从定格开始，段落之间的行距为两行，写信人的名字和头衔在签名下方。　　2. 称呼和结束礼词的注意事项：称呼的写法遵循下列原则：Dear Sir or Madam写信给某一公司，不确定具体的收信人Dear Sir对男士，但是你不知道他的具体姓名Dear Madam对女士，但是你不知道他的具体姓名Dear Mr Smith对男士Dear Ms Smith对已婚或未婚的女士 Dear Mrs Smith对已婚女士Dear Miss Smith对未婚女士Dear John (此处 John 为英语中常用男名)对朋友或你比较熟悉的人（通常为多年生意伙伴）　 称呼与结束礼词存在对应的关系，请特别注意：Dear Sir or Madam Yours faithfullyDear Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss Smith Yours sincerelyDear John Best wishes以下均为错误用法：Dear Mr John Dear Mr John Smith 3. 日期：在英国英语中，天在前，但是在美国英语中，月份在前。所以某些特别的时期容易引起误解。例如：12 06 2014 在英国指的是：6 月 21 日；在美国指的是：12 月 6 日，因此日期要写成：12 June 2014，即月份用单词表示，就不会引起误解。　　要记住月份使用大写字母开头。天后不必写 th、rd、nd 或者 st。说明：本考试指导只适用于 201803 学期期末考试使用，包括正考和重修内容。如果在复习中有疑难问题请到课程答疑区提问，祝大家顺利通过考试！