《英语基础写作》第一阶段导学（1-2）一、本阶段学习内容概述本阶段学习的内容有第一章手写形式和标点，掌握英语手写格式、如何写标题、如何大写，掌握英语逗号 、句号、分号、冒号、问号、叹号、省略号、括号、破折号、斜线、下划线和斜体的用法。第二章选用合适的词语，掌握英语不同的词性、词类，掌握选词的基本策略，了解英语近义词的使用。 二、重难点讲解1. Arrangement（布局）Writing in correct manuscript form is very important, because it makes it easy to read whatis written and prevents misunderstanding. We should follow the general practices in writing the title, leaving the margins, paragraphing, capitalizing, and dividing words.1. When we write an essay to be read by the teacher, we shouldwrite on every other lineso that there will be room for corrections. （隔行写，为老师留出修改空间。）2. It is necessary toleave a margin of about two centimeters at the top and the bottom of the page, and one of a centimeter and a half on the right and left side. （每页首尾留两厘米空白、左右各一厘米。）3. We cannot make the right margin straight or neat, unless we are using a computer, but we should never write to the very edge of the page. When the space left near the end of a line is not or barely enough for the word we are going to write, we should write the word on the next line, or divide the word if it is a long one.There must be a blank space on the right side of the page.（写得不要太靠边；单词上一行写不下，在下一行写或分行写；页码右端要留空白。）4. The %rst line of every paragraph should be indented, started after a space of four or %ve letters.（段首要缩进 4-5 个字母的空间。）5. Arabic numeralsare generally used for paging. They can be put either in theupper right-hand corner, lower right-hand corner or in the middle below the last line of every page.（用阿拉伯数字标注页码，标注在右上角、右下角或底部中间位置。）6. A line is never begun with a comma, a period, a semicolon, a colon, a question mark or an exclamation mark; a line never ends with the %rst half of a pair of brackets, quotation marks, or parentheses.The hyphen（连字符）that shows a word is divided is put at the end, not at the beginning, of a line.（每一行不能以逗号、句号、分号、冒号、问号即感叹号开始，不能以中括号、引号或小括号的左半边结束；单词的拆分，连字符要放在上一行最后，而不能放在下一行的开始。）2. How to write a title?（如何写标题？）1. The title or topic of the essay should be placed in the middle of the %rst line. （文章标题要放在首行，居中。）2. Every word of the title (including words following hyphens in compound words) should be capitalized,except articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but, nor, so, and for) and to in in%nitives. But if one of these words is the %rst or last word of the title, it should becapitalized. （除了冠词、介词、并列连词（and, or, but, nor, so, 和 for）和不定式符号 to 之外，其他单词首字母大写；但如果这些词语位于标题的开始和结尾，都要首字母大写。）3. Topics are generallynoun phrases(nouns with their modi%ers), though other forms are possible.（标题一般为名词短语，也有其他形式。）4. No full stop should be used at the end of a title. （标题最后不能加句号。）5. A question mark is needed if the topic is adirect question(but anindirect questionis not followed by a question mark). （标题如果是直接问句要加问号，但非直接问句不能加问号。） 6. The title of a book within the topic should beunderlined(italicizedinprinting), and the title of an article put between quotation marks.（手写的标题中的书名要用下画线，打印体要用斜体；标题中的文章名要用引号。）3. Capitalization（大写）Capitalized words are used mainly in three places:proper names, key words in titles, andthe %rst words of sentences.1.proper names（专有名词）2.key words in titles（标题中的关键词）3.the %rst words of sentences（句子的首字母） 三、综合练习题型 题干 选项 答案单选题As a 21-year-old college student, he published a book and invited historian and scholar Yi Zhongtian to write a（ ）.A.forward B.foreword B单选题The chairman summed up the results of the discussion.（ ） he thanked all the participants for coming.A.Finally B.At last A单选题It’s（ ） to speak ill of others behind their backs.A.immoral B.amoral A单选题One of her（ ） is that honesty is the best policy.A.principals B.principlesB单选题Some students are（ ） in the schoolwork.A.uninterested B.disinterestedA单选题He（ ）from his seat to greet the guests.A.rose B.raised A单选题I’m quite（ ） of your opportunity to study at sucha famous university.A.jealous B.envious B单选题That aristocrat often speaksin a (an)（ ）_tone.A.proud B.arrogant B单选题The day was（ ）_ of deep winter here; it was snowing heavily and a north wind was blowing.A.typical B.representativeA单选题We waited for a long time.（ ）_she came.A.Finally B.At last B单选题This salesman made frequent（ ）to nearby cities.A.trips B.travels A单选题The love of poetry was（ ）in him by her teaching.A.lighted B.kindled B 单选题（ ） attitude will only make you take anything for granted.A.Credulous B.Credible A单选题If you（ ）somewhere, you walk there in a slow, relaxed way.A.stride B.stroll B单选题( )your jacket on the chair.A.Lie B.Lay B单选题I live ( ) from the grocerystore than you do.A.farher B.further A单选题I feel greatly =attered at your( )A.compliment B.complementA单选题It' S usually ( ) to buy washing powder in large quantities.A.economic B.economicalB单选题The door opened, blocking his forward movements.A.forward B.foreword A单选题 His word is as good as gold.A.他说的都是金玉良言 B.他说话靠谱。B单选题The fence is in excellent repair.A.栅栏修好了 B.栅栏很完好B单选题Nothing of the sort.A.没有这一类 B.没有这回事儿B单选题They spent a small fortune on redecorating their house.A.他们装修房子没花太多钱。 B.他们装修房子花了好多钱。B单选题He has athlete's foot.A.他跑得快 B.他有脚气B单选题Likely as not, we'll never betold what really happened.A.很可能，我们永远也无法知道事情的真相 B.不可能永远不告诉我们事情的真相A单选题a ( ) painter will give us a lecture this week.A. notable B.notorious A单选题She ( )her diamond earrings by wearing her hairin a bun.A.=aunt B. =out A单选题In autumn, all fruit are ( ) A.mature B.ripe B单选题She only ate some( ). A.remaining food B.left-overB单选题We can advertise our product during the ( ) time on CCTV.A.prime B.golden A写作 请根据下面的提示和要求写一篇短文。　　提示：　　(1) 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之　 Why Do We Study English?　　English is one of the most 一。讲英语的人近三亿。　　(2) 英语是国际会议中使用得最多的`工作语言。世界上有百分之六十的电台和百分之七十的邮件（mail)用英语。数以百万计的书籍和杂志是用英语写的。　(3) 借助英语可以更快、更好地学习现代科学和技术。学好英语，我们可以更好地为祖国服务。　　要求：　　(1) 题目：我们为什么学习英语？　　(2) 字数：200 词左右。widely used languages in the world. It is spoken bynearly three hundredmillion people： in England, the United States, Australia, Canada and many other countries. It is one of the working languages at international meetings and is more used than the others. It is said that 60 percent of the world's radio broadcasts and 70 percent of the world's mail are in English. Millions of books and magazines are written in English, too. English is really a bridge to knowledge. With the help of English we can learn modern science and technology faster and better form the developed countries.In this way we can serve our country better.