小升初英语知识点讲解及训练—短语一、考点梳理英语常用短语动词短语短语量词短语介词短语二、考点详解英语常用短语1.英语教材中共出现近 500 个短语，其中有一部分为常用短语，要求能熟练运用。2.在学习中，要注意短语的积累，特别要注意介词短语和短语动词的积累。3.对固定短语的意义，切不可望文生义。例如，动词 look 愿意为“看”，但 look after 意为“照料”，look up (a word in a dictionary)意为“(在词典中)查找(单词)”。4.要十分注意固定短语中冠词的使用。有时冠词可引起词义的变化，例如，go the school 意为“上学”，而 go to the school 意为“到学校里去”；take place 意为“发生”，而 take the place意 晨练•do•the•dishes 洗碗碟•draw•pictures 画画•eat•breakfast 吃早饭•••eat•dinner 吃晚饭•••empty•the•trash 倒垃圾• fly•kites 放风筝• get•off 下车•••get•to 到达••••get•up 起床•go•to•school 上学•go•to•the•cinema 去看电影•go•to•work 上班••have•a•look 看一看•have•a•picnic 举行野餐•have•art•class 上美术课•have•breakfast 吃早餐•have•Chinese•class 上语文课•have•dinner 吃晚饭•have•English•class 上英语课•have•lunch 吃午餐•have•math•class 上数学课 •have•music•class 上音乐课•have•P.E.•class 上体育课•have•science•class 上科学课• listen•to•mus ic 听音乐••look•at 看……•look•for 寻找 make•a•snowman 堆雪人•make•kites 制作风筝•make•the•bed 铺床•pick•up•leaves 采摘树叶•plant•trees 种树•play•chess 下起•play•football踢足球•play•ping-pong 打乒乓球•play•sports 进行体育活动•play•the•piano 弹钢琴•play•the•violin 拉小提琴•read•a•magazine 阅读杂志•read•books 看书••ride•a•bike 骑自行车•run 跑•••set•the•table 摆餐具•sweep•the•floor 扫地•swim 游泳•swing 荡秋千•••take•a•trip 去旅行•take•pictures 照相•take 乘go•hiking 去远足••••go•home 回家••go•shopping 购物•go•to•bed 上床睡觉•play•with•……玩……•put•away•the•clothes 收拾衣服•rain 下雨•read•a•book 看书•write•a•letter 写信•write•a•report 写报告•write•an•e-mail 写电子邮件一、动词短语 (一)由 be 构成的短语1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出2)be at home/work 在家/上班3)be good at sth.善于，擅长于[来源:学&科&网 Z&X&X&K][来源:学科网 ZXXK]4)be careful of sth.当心，注意，仔细5)be covered with sth.被……复盖6)be re ady for sth.为……作好准备7)be surprised (at) sth.对……感到惊讶8)be interested in sth.对……感到举9)be born 出生10)be on 在进行，在上演， （灯）亮着 11)be able to do sth. 能够做……12)be afraid of sth. (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……，恐怕……)13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气14)be pleased (with) sth.对……感到高兴(满意)15)be famo us for sth. 以……而著名16)be strict in sth. 严格要求某事 be strict with sb. 严格要求某人17)be from 来自……，什么地方人18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了19)be worried 担忧20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做……21)be covered with 被……所覆盖……22)be in (great) need of (很)需要23)be in trouble 处于困境中24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做……25)be late for sth. ……迟到26)be made of 由……制成(物理变化) be made from 由……制成(化学变化)27)be satisfied with sth.对……感到满意27)be satisfied with sth.对……感到满意[来源:学科网 ZXXK]28)be free 空闲的，有空29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……) (二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play 等动词构成的短语:1)come back 回来2)come down 下来3)come in 进入，进来4)come on 快，走吧，跟我来5)come out 出来6)come out of 从……出来7)come up 上来8)come from 来自……9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读11)do one's best 尽力12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜，读点书，大扫除)13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)14)do morning exercises 做早操15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操16)do well in 在……某方面干得好17)get up 起身18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备20)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽)21)get back 返回23)get in 进入，收集24)get on/off 上/下车25)get to 到达26)get there 到达那里27)give sb. a call 给……打电话 28)give a talk 作报告29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)30)give back 归还，送回31)give……some advice on 给……一些忠告32)give lessons to 给……上课33)give in 屈服34)give up 放弃42)go over 过一遍，复习/ go over to 朝……走 去43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿)45)go round 顺便去，绕道走46)go up 上去47)go out for a walk 外出散步48)go on (doing) 继续(做……)49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛54)have dictation 听见55)have a try 试一试56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水，(一杯茶)60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶64)have (have got) a headache 头痛65)have a fever 发烧72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会73)have something done 让人(请人)做…… 74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试75)have an idea 有了个主意76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……)77)have a word with 与……谈几句话78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉80)help each other 互相帮助81)keep up with 跟上……，不落后于……82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做……84)keep one's diary 记日记85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂，响声)86)make a living 谋生87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做……88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸89)make friends (with)与……交朋友90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句93)make a fire 生火94)be made from/of 由……制成95)be made in 在……地方制造96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面)97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典98)look up 往上看，仰望99)look after 照管，照看，照顾100)look for 寻找101)look like 看上去像102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑103)look out 当心，小心104)look on …as… 把……当作……看待105)look around 朝四周看106)look at 看着……107)put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)，上演(戏剧)108)put up 建造，搭起，挂起，举起，张帖109)put into 使进入，输入110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于111)put…down… 把……放下112)put…into… 把……译成113)set up 竖起，建起114)set off 出发，动身115)set out 出发116)set an example for 为……树立榜样117)send for 派人去请(叫)118)send out 放出，发出119)end up 把……往上送，发射120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告121)take out 拿出，取出122)take down 拿下123) take place 发生 124)take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人职务125)take the place of 代替……126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息127)take it easy 别紧张128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假130)take care of 关心，照顾，保管131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)132)take an exam 参加考试133)take away 拿走134)take back 收回，带回135)take hold of 抓住……136)take off 脱下(衣，帽，鞋等)拿掉137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动)138)take photos 拍照139)take some medicine 服药140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车，火车/船141)turn on 开，旋开(电灯，收音机等)142)turn off 关上(电灯，收音机等)143)turn in 交出，上交144)turn…into… 变成145)turn to 翻到，转向146)turn down (把音量)调低147)turn…over 把……翻过来148)play basketball 打篮球，football 踢足球，volleyball 打排球149)play games 做游戏150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)151)play with snow 玩雪152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑[来源:学科网]三、量词短语1)a bit 一点儿2)a few (of) 一些(可数)，几个……3)a little 一些(不可数)4)a lot of (lots of) 许多5)a piece of 一张(一片，块)6)a cup of 一茶怀7)a glass of 一玻璃杯8)a pile of (piles and piles of) 一堆(一堆堆的)……9)a box of 一盒10)a copy of 一份，一本11)a bowl of 一碗12)a basket of 一篮13)a plate of 一盘14)a bottle of 一瓶15)a bas in of 一脸盆16)a set of 一套17)a kind of 一种18)a type of 一种类型的19)a great deal of 非常多，大量的(不可数名词) 20)a large (great) number of 非常多，大量的(可数名词)21)a great many 大量，许多(可数名词)22)a different type of 一种不同型号的23)a group of 一队，一组，一群四、介词短语At home 在家 in front of…在……前面at school 在校 on the left 在左边on the right 在右边 in English 用英语(表示)on duty 值日 on the top 在顶部in the middle of…在……中间near the desk 在书桌附近between the two chairs 在两把椅子之间by the way 顺便 in a word 总之 by air 乘飞机 by ship 乘轮船by bike 骑自行车 on foot 步行go to bed 上床睡觉 go to work 上班 go to school 上学 at work 在工作 at dinner 在吃晚饭 at home 在家 at school 在学校 by oneself 独自 by the way 顺便问一下 in English 用英语 of course 当然 on the way to 在去……的路上on the weekend 在周末 listen to 听write to 给 写信hear from 收到……的来信get to 到达look after 照顾get on 上车put on 穿上learn from 向……学习worry about 为……担心talk about 谈论look for 寻找 wait for 等待 get off 下车 take off 脱下 学习 …担忧think about 认为，考虑 think of 想到，认为agree with 同意 look at 看laugh at 嘲笑be afraid of 对……感到害怕be interested in 对……感兴趣be strict with 对……很严格be busy with 忙于be go od at 擅长be good for 对•••……有好处 be bad for 对……有害处be late for 迟到he ready for 为……做好准备be different from 与……不同be far from 离……较远be near to 离……近 三、易错提示 1. 短语中冠词的使用，注意有冠词和零冠词的短语的用法及意思的差别，如：go to school，go to the school 等等。 2. 注意相同意思的动词短语的用法区别。四、例题分析1. — It's time for the weather report. Could I _____________ the TV, Dad?— Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.•A. turn on•••• B. turn off••••• C. turn down【答案】A•【答案】A【考点】考查动词短语辨析。【解析】put on 意为“穿上；上演”；take off 意为“脱下；起飞”；put away 意为“收拾”。根据句意“外面冷，你最好穿上外套”可知选 A。五、专题训练1. When you leave the reading room, you should remember to ______ the lights.•• A. turn on•••••••••• B. turn down•••••••••• C. turn off2. Jimmy has sixteen broken bikes to _______ and give away to kids who don’t have bikes.•• A. fix up•••••••••••• B. set up••••••••••••• C. put up3. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_____the radio?A. turn down• B. turn up •C. turn on4. Mrs. Wang always asks us to _____ conversations in the English classes．A．make up •B．turn up••C．end up• D．look up5. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _____the radio? A. turn down • B. turn up• C. turn on6. It’s cold outside. You’d better•_______ your coat and scarf. A. work out•• B. put out•••C. have on••• D. put on7. Can go and find out when the plane to New York_________? A. puts off•• B. gets off••• C. takes off••••• D. breaks off8. — It’s too cold today. •— Yes, why don’t you_______your coat? •A. put on• B. put up•C. take off• D. take up9. My sister is ill. I have to _______her at home. A. look at•••••• B. look up••••••••••• C. look after••••• D. look for10. Whenever I see the birds, I’ll______ flying in the sky.• A. think up B. dream of C. work on D. pick up•11. Attention please. The plane will ______ in five minutes.• • A. take out••••••• B. take after•••••••• C. take off D. take care12 .—Could you please _______the music? My baby is sleeping. —Sorry. I will do it right away. A. open up B. turn down•• C. drop by D. dress up•13. Don't ___________ the bus until it stops,A. turn off• B. put on• C. get off• D. set up14. The sports meeting will be ____ because of the bad weather.A. put on•••••• •B. put off••••• •C. put up15. . I’m not sure when the plane will ________ and when it will land.•A. take off•• B. run off• C. open up•• D. stay up六、答案1. C解析：考查动词短语的用法。turn on 意为“打开”；turn down 意为“关小”； turn off 意为“关上”。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，你应该记住把灯关上。故选 C.2. A解析：考查动词短语的用法。fix up 意为“修理，改进”；set up 意为“建立，创立”；put up 意为“建造，张贴”。根据句意：吉米有 16 辆坏了的自行车需要修理，他把他们分给没有自行车的孩子们。故选 A.•3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C. 10. B 11. C12 B解析：考查动词短语辨析。open up“开阔，打开”；turn down“把（声音等）拧小”；drop by“顺便拜访”；dress up“打扮”。句意“－请你把声音关小好吗？我的孩子正在睡觉。－对不起，我马上关小。”故选 B。13. C• 14. B 15. A