《大学英语(2)》第一单元独立结构
发布时间:2024-04-30 10:04:20浏览次数:31第一单元独立结构Independent Structure 一般的非谓语动词或非谓语动词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语就是主句的主语;而独立主格结构作状语的条件就是其逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致。独立主格结构的作用相当于分词短语作状语,表示原因、时间、让步、伴随状况等。下面就分别按不定式独立结构、现在分词独立结构、过去分词独立结构和 with 独立结构来分别举例说明。 1. 不定式独立结构 (1) 不定式具有它的独立主语时,二者即构成不定式独立结构,常用作状语表示伴随情况。例如: We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。 A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, andso on. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后,有的拎着皇帝的衣袍,有的则给他整腰带,等等。 (2) 不定式独立结构之前也可以有 with。例如: They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work. 这些都是高度机械化的农场,所有的活都是机器干的。 2. 现在分词独立结构 (1) 现在分词可以有其独立的逻辑主语。这种主语常常是名词或代词,置于现在分词之前,构成分词独立结构。现在分词独立结构常用作状语,置于句首或句末,偶尔也置于句中,可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。例如: The dark clouds having dispersed, the sun shone again. 乌云已散去,太阳又普照大地了。 The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text. 学生做完所有的练习后,老师接着讲课文。 The monitor being ill, we'd better put the meeting off. 班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。 Weather permitting, we'll go for a picnic. 要是天气允许的话,我们就去野餐。 Their room being on the third floor,its window overlooks the playground. 他们的房间在三层,窗户俯视着操场。 (2) 现在分词独立结构中的逻辑主语如果是非人称代词 it,有时可以省略。例如: Being Sunday, we had a picnic in the suburb.(being 之前省去了 it) 那天是星期天,我们到郊外野餐。 (3) 现在分词独立结构之前可以用介词 with,但介词 with 在此没有什么意义,只是相对而言比较口语化。例如: We went into a large waiting room with a large fan spinning overhead. 我们走进一个大的候诊室,头上有一个大电扇运转着。 With the dogs leading, the police began to search for the criminal. 有警犬在前面带路,警察开始搜索罪犯。 (4) 介词 without 也可以引导现在分词独立结构。例如: The war was over,without a shot being fired. 一弹未发,战争就结束了。 3. 过去分词独立结构 (1) 过去分词有时可以有独立的主语,构成分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立主语常由名词或代词主格担任,一般置于过去分词之前。过去分词独立结构多用在书面语中,常用作状语,可以放在句首、句末或句中,表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况、条件、结果等例如: The work done, we felt relieved. 工作完成了,我们感到很轻松。
All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作了。 He gazed, his hands thrust into his pockets. 他凝视着,双手插在兜里。 It rained and rained, vehicles bogged down and bridges washed out. 雨不断地下,车辆陷入泥沼,桥梁被水冲走。 (2) 有时过去分词独立结构可以用来修饰前面的名词。例如: I recalled Jane, long dark hair tumbled over her shoulders. 我记得简,一头乌黑的长发披在她肩上。 (3) 过去分词独立结构之前可用介词 with,其意义没有变化,只是较为口语化。例如: She came back with a basket filled with vegetable and fruit. 她带了一篮子蔬菜和水果回来了。 4. with 独立结构 上面讲不定式独立结构、现在分词独立结构和过去分词独立结构时都分别提到了加 with 构成的独立结构,意义上没有什么变化,只是较为口语化。独立结构也可以不用不定式和分词,只由 with+宾语+介词词组或副词构成。这样的句子就更加口语化了。例如: The little girl ran to her mother with a red leaf in her hand. 小女孩手里拿着一片红叶跑向她妈妈。 She was so tired that she went to sleep with her clothes on. 她太累了,以至于没脱衣服就睡着了。 The teacher went into the classroom, with a book in his hand/a book in hand. 老师手里拿着一本书走进教室。